Integumentary Healthcare Unit Test Flashcards
Q: Where are apocrine glands located and what do they do?
A: Located in axillary and genital regions. Produce sweat with fats/proteins. Thermoregulation. Cause body odor.
Q: Where are eccrine (exocrine) glands located and what do they do?
A: All over the body. Produce sweat (H₂O, salts, waste). Help cool body.
Q: Where are ceruminous glands located and what do they do?
A: Located in the ears. Produce earwax to trap debris and repel insects.
Q: Where are sebaceous (oil) glands located and what do they do?
A: Everywhere except palms/soles. Keep skin soft, kill bacteria, slow water loss.
Q: What are the five main functions of the skin?
- Protection (physical, chemical, biological)
- Temperature regulation
- Hydration regulation
- Excretion
- Vitamin D synthesis
Q: What are the 3 main layers of skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis (Subcutaneous)
Q: What is the function of the stratum corneum?
A: Outermost layer; protective; sheds every 25–45 days.
Q: What is the stratum lucidum and where is it found?
A: Thick skin only (palms/soles); adds extra protection.
Q: What happens in the stratum basale?
A: New skin cells are formed and pushed upward.
Q: What does the dermis do?
A: Connective tissue layer; holds body together; provides skin tone.
Q: What is the role of the hypodermis?
A: Anchors skin to organs; shock absorber and insulator.
Q: What is a Stage 1 pressure ulcer?
A: Reddened skin that doesn’t blanch when pressed.
Q: What is a Stage 2 pressure ulcer?
A: Open sore or blister; red and irritated surrounding skin.
Q: What is a Stage 3 pressure ulcer?
A: Crater-like appearance; damage to tissue below skin.
Q: What is a Stage 4 pressure ulcer?
A: Deep damage involving muscle, bone, or tendons.
Q: What does unstageable mean?
A: Too much necrotic tissue present to determine stage.
Q: What is shearing?
A: Skin sticks while deeper tissues move, causing internal damage (ex: sliding in bed).
Q: What is friction?
A: Skin rubs against a surface, causing abrasion or tear.
Q: What pigment gives skin a brown/yellow/red color and protects from UV?
A: Melanin.
Q: What pigment gives skin a yellow-orange tint and is found in the stratum corneum and hypodermis?
A: Carotene.
Q: What gives skin a pinkish hue in people with little melanin?
A: Hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Q: What does a tan or bronzed color mean?
A: UV exposure → increased melanin production.
Q: What causes black/blue marks on skin?
A: Bruising (damaged blood vessels under skin).
