1-1.3 Taxonomy and Classification Bio Quiz

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

Question 2

morphology

Answer 2

the branch of biology that deals with the structure or form of organisms

Question 3

phylogeny

Answer 3

evolutionary history of species

Question 4

taxonomy

Answer 4

branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on natural features

Question 5

binomial nomenclature

Answer 5

system with 2-word Latin name to each species first part is genus and the second part is species

Question 6

genus

Answer 6

taxonomic group of closely related species classification

Question 7

hierarchical classification

Answer 7

classifying organisms in which species are ordered from general to specific

Question 8

rank

Answer 8

level in a classification scheme, such as phylum or order

Question 9

taxon

Answer 9

a named group of organisms such as phylum chordate or order rodentia

Question 10

ancestor

Answer 10

an organism from which other organism are descended

Question 11

anatomy

Answer 11

branch of biology dealing with structure and form, including internal systems

Question 12

physiology

Answer 12

the branch of biology dealing with the physical and chemical functions of organisms, including internal processes

Question 13

phylogenetic tree

Answer 13

a branching diagram used to show the evolutionary relationships among species

Question 14

structural diversity

Answer 14

a type of biological diversity that is exhibited in the variety of structural forms in living things, from internal cell structure to body morphology

Question 15

prokaryotic

Answer 15

small, simple cell with no membrane bound nucleus

Question 16

eukaryotic

Answer 16

large, complex, cell with a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 17

dichotomous key

Answer 17

an identification tool consisting of a series of two-part choices that lead the user to a correct identification

Question 18

autotroph

Answer 18

organism can create its own food/energy (from sunlight)

Question 19

heterotroph

Answer 19

organism cannot make its own food, relies on consuming other organisms

Question 20

explain the importance of Carl Linnaeus

Answer 20

Carl Linnaeus revolutionized biology by creating the binomial nomenclature system, which assigns each species a two-part scientific name, providing a universal standard for identifying and classifying organisms. His work laid the foundation for modern taxonomy, enabling scientists worldwide to communicate clearly about species.

Question 21

explain why nomenclature is used and its components

Answer 21

first word is the genus name and the second identifies the particular species. Ex. Homo sapiens

Provides a universal standard for naming species, avoiding confusion caused by regional common names.

Question 22

describe the methods used in modern taxonomy

Answer 22

three main types of evidence that are used include anatomical (physical structures like bones), physiological (bio chemical like protein differences) and DNA (genetic sequences). The information is then interpreted to make hypotheses about evolutionary history and how closely related different species are.

Question 23

describe how all living things are classified

Answer 23

Modern classification includes three domains:
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya (which contains Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia).

Question 24

explain the importance of maintaining biodiversity in our ecosystems

Answer 24

-essential for the health and stability of ecosystems
-ensures resilience of ecosystems by supporting vital process like pollination
-provides a variety of resources like food and medicine
-helps ecosystems adapt to disturbances and climate changes

Question 25

characteristics of archaebacteria

Answer 25

prokaryotic, heterotrophs, live in extreme conditions
ex. volcanoes

Question 26

characteristics of eubacteria

Answer 26

prokaryotic, heterotrophs or autotrophs, found everywhere, reproduce asexually
ex. e. coli

Question 27

characteristics of protista

Answer 27

most are eukaryotic some are prokaryotic, found in terrestrial or aquatic, reproduce sexually and asexually, have cell walls (not cellulose), similar to plants but do not carry out photosynthesis
ex. amoeba, paracium

Question 28

characteristics of plantae

Answer 28

eukaryotic, autotrophs, reproduce sexually and asexually, cell walls contain cellulose, have chloroplasts
ex. mosses, ferns, seed plants

Question 29

characteristics of animalia

Answer 29

eukaryotic, heterotrophs, live in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, reproduce sexually, do not have cell walls
ex. clam, fish, human

Question 30

define the 2 species concepts and the advantages and disadvantages

Answer 30

1. Morphological Species Concept
   Definition: Focuses on body shape, size, and structural features.
   Advantage: Simple, commonly used, especially for plants.
   Disadvantage: Deciding how much variation is acceptable can be subjective.
2. Biological Species Concept
   Definition: Species are defined by their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.
   Advantage: Widely used for living species.
   Disadvantage: Not applicable to: Fossil species.
   Asexual organisms. Populations separated by physical barriers.
3. Phylogenetic Species Concept
   Definition: Defines species based on evolutionary history and DNA analysis.
   Advantage: Applicable to extinct species and includes genetic relationships.
   Disadvantage: Requires known evolutionary histories, which are not available for all species.

Question 31

prokaryote vs eukaryote

Answer 31

prokaryote is a simple cell with no nucleus whereas eukaryote is complex and has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.

Question 32

autotroph vs heerotroph

Answer 32

autotroph creates its own food/energy and heterotroph relies on other organisms for foods

Question 33

sexual vs asexual

Answer 33

sexual needs a partner and asexual can just separate (osmosis)

Question 34

identify the 3 forms of biodiversity

Answer 34

1. Genetic diversity - differences with a species (ex. Humans thumb on top)
2. Species diversity - differences within a given area
3. Ecosystem diversity - variety of niches (roles within an area) (ex. Frog- predator, prey, fertilizer, equilibrium)