Mythology Test Review

Question 1

explain the mythology creation story.

Answer 1

-first there was chaos
-then came eros who performed the first marriage (between uranus (the sky) and gaea (the earth).
-they had many offsprings such as the 100-handed children, cyclops, and the 12 titans
-uranus feared that his children would overthrow his power so her buried all of them in the underworld
-gaea was upset and plotted with cronus to overthrow urana’s
-cronus used a curved knife to seriously wound uranus and he became the supreme ruler
-cronus married rhea and they had children, and he too worried about being overthrown, therefore he ate his child as it was born
-rhea saved one child which was zeus
-zeus fed his father emetic which made him spit out his 11 siblings who were determined to help.
-zeus and his siblings lived on mount olympus. his main alies were his brothers, poseidon, and hades, and two titans, prometheus and epimetheus.
-zeus divided the world amoung himself 2 of his brothers. zeus: god of the sky of the upperworld. Poseidon: god of the sea. Hades: god of underworld.

chaos -> earth: gaea, sky: uranus -> 12 titans -> gods/goddeesses; children of titans; lived on mount olympus; ruled the universe

Question 2

god of the gods; lord of the sky

Answer 2

zeus

Question 3

queen of the gods; protector of married women; married to zeus

Answer 3

hera

Question 4

god of the sea; brother of zeus; gave humankind the horse

Answer 4

poseiden

Question 5

god of the underworld (surrounded by river of styx); brother of zeus
+what gaurded entrance to hades?

Answer 5

hades
cerberus- a 3-headed dog guarded the entrance to hades

Question 6

goddes of grain

Answer 6

demeter

Question 7

goddess of love and beauty; born from the sea on a bed of foam

Answer 7

aphrodite

Question 8

god of the sun; god of the music and song; taught mortals the art of healing

Answer 8

apollo

Question 9

god of war

Answer 9

ares

Question 10

goddess of moon; huntress

Answer 10

artemis

Question 11

goddess of wisdom; goddess of the city

Answer 11

athena

Question 12

zeus’s messanger; god of theives; wore winged had and sandals

Answer 12

hermes

Question 13

god of fire + symbol is a hammar

Answer 13

hephaestus

Question 14

goddess of agriculture

Answer 14

demeter

Question 15

queen of the chase; goddess of woodland and wild creatures

Answer 15

artemis

Question 16

mythology definition

Answer 16

a myth is
-a story dealing with supernatural beings (gods)
-presents some fundamental truth about the world and human life.

Question 17

functions of myths

Answer 17

-to examine our roots - where we come from
-to understand our culture - themes apply to our modern world
-to understand early religious ideas - explanations of life’s mysteries
-to connect with our past - connections between historical people/events and society

Question 18

difference between myths and legends

Answer 18

myths are stories about gods legends are stories about normal human beings

Question 19

what is an archetype? give examples

Answer 19

-something that serves as a model or pattern for other things of the same type
-a typical, ideal or classic example of somthing
-ex. ruler, creator, innocent, sage, explorer, revolutionary, magician, hero, lover, jester, everyperson, caregiver
-ex. nerd: smart, ugly, geeky

Question 20

give examples of archetypes in greek creation history
eros, gaea & uranus, hercules, rhea, zeus

Answer 20

eros- lover
gaea & uranus- creator
hercules - hero
rhea - caregiver
zeus - ruler

Question 21

sage

Answer 21

-mentor
-intelligent and wise
-motto “the truth will set you free”

Question 22

innocent / kind

Answer 22

-have faith in the world
-truthful
-long for happy life/ending

Question 23

explorer

Answer 23

-seek adventure
-explore and long for freedom

Question 24

ruler

Answer 24

-primary concern is power and control

Question 25

caregiver

Answer 25

-goal is to help and protect others
-commit selfless acts of kindness

Question 26

creator

Answer 26

-create something and leave a legacy

Question 27

magician

Answer 27

-magically make things happen

Question 28

hero

Answer 28

-honorable and brave

Question 29

rebel/outlaw

Answer 29

-live on their own moral codes
-have no rules
-radical or revolutionary

Question 30

joker

Answer 30

-joyful, fun. and silly
- use humor and sarcasm

Question 31

orphan

Answer 31

-fends for themselves
-like to fit in

Question 32

12 archetypes

Answer 32

-sage
-innocent/kind
-explorer
-ruler
-caregiver
-creator
-magician
-hero
-rebel/outlaw
-joker
-orphan
-lover

Question 33

creator of animals

Answer 33

epimetheus

Question 34

creator or man

Answer 34

Prometheus

Question 35

story of Prometheus (creator of man)

Answer 35

-prometheus and his younger brother epimetheus were entrusted to create living beings to enhabit the world
-epimethus created animals and gave them great gifts such as fur, rins, speed, strength, wings etc.
-prometheus made men but searched for a way to make them superior to the animals
-therfore, prometheus stole sacred fire and gave it to man kind.
-the fire provided people with warmth, cooking, and shaping weapons and utensils
-zeus was angry because prometheus gave humans fire, tricked him into getting the bad part of the bull, and not telling him the secret from the sisters of the fates
-zeus punished prometheus by banishing him to the caucus mountains where he sent an eagle to bite his liver for eternity
CREATOR OF MAN

Question 36

story of pandora

Answer 36

-in order to inflict suffering upon prometheus zeus wanted to hurt the man
-epimethes guarded the jar that prometheus used to trap all evil inside, so that it could never reach the humans
-zeus and the other gods created the most desirable girl named pandora, to be epimetheus wife
-prometheus warned epimetheus to not open the jar or take gifts from zeus but epimetheus could not resist pandora
-pandoras only flaw that she was curious, and when she saw the jar she became curious and opened it
-evil (madness, labor, illness) flew out of the jar and was given to humans
-the only thing helping people with their pain was hope, which came from the jar.
LESSON listen to warnings + curiosity can lead to dangers

Question 37

story of Hercules

Answer 37

-zeus wanted to create a son who would become the greatest hero so he chose Alcmene (exceeded all others in beauty, grace, and virtue) to have the baby with. He did this by disguising himself as her husband
-hera found out and tried to prevent hercules from being born so she had the birth-goddess sit legs crossed.
-alcemenes friend tricked the birth-goddess into getting up which allowed hercules to be born
-alcemene left hercules to die but zeus had athene make hercules immortal by taking hera on a walk to bring her to hercules and have her help him.
-hera was angry that she had been tricked and attempted to destroy hercules
-her first attempt was sending a serpent in the twins room at night but hercules killed it
-the second time she made hercules go mad and kill of his children
-hercules wanted penance so eurystheus gave him 12 impossible tasks to preform.
SYMBOL - STRENGTH

Question 38

give at least 4 examples of Heracles 12 labors and the last two hard ones

Answer 38

-slay lernean hydra (serpent) with 3 heads (one head was immortal so he cut of the heads then burned them before the could grow back)
-capture ceryneian hind without loss of blood (he perused her for a year until she dropped with exhaustion)
-clean the augean stables in one day (it was so filthy and smelly but he diverted rivers to that they can rush through the farm and carry away the dirt)
-capture the nemean lion (no weapon could penetrate through its flesh so he chocked it and used its own claws)

11. fetch apples from the orchard gaurded by the hesperides. the apple tree was also gaurded by a dragon. here atlas was punished by holding the sky so heracules had him fetch the apples while he held the sky for a bit.
12. going to the realm of hades, and bringing up the dread thrree-headed watchdog cerberus.

Question 39

how did heracles meet his demise?

Answer 39

an evil centenar tried stealing his wife deianeira so he gave her magic wool to weave into a shirt for hercules. he told her this wool would make him faithful so before he met another women she wove the shirt and sent it to him. later she found a piece of the wool and it busted into flames so she realized she had been tricked and killed herself. however, haracles received the shirt and put it on and it burned his mortal self. so his immortal self went to mount oympus where he proved to be the greatest hero of all time.

Question 40

story of argonuts - jason & the quest for the golden fleece

Answer 40

-pelias was the king who feared someone younger would overthrow him so he killed anyone who threatened his thrown.
-jason was the son of the old deposed king who had been smuggled out of the kingdom so that pelias could not kill him
-jason wanted to take back the thrown that was rightfully his but pelias told him that he must captures the golden fleece in return for the thrown in hopes of jason dying
-jason formed a band of heros and got the argonunts ship to carry them to colchis
-after arriving aeetes was unwilling to give him the fleec unless he preformed several small tasks
-aeetes daughter medea wanted to help jason in return for becoming his wife
-medea gave jason a potion which made him invulnerable and allowed him to easily fulfil his tasks
-medea even cut up pieces of her brother so that they could escape aeetes ships
-medea then tricked pelias that she would be able to make him young and strong again by disguising herself as and old women then revealing her true young self. she also cut up a ram and placed it into a cauldron and then acted as if a lamb was the ram young again. pelias believed this and allowed her to approach him then she killed him and cut him into pieces
-jason became king and married medea

Question 41

story of athene

Answer 41

-athene is the daughter of zeus and metis
-zeus was afraid the combination of his strength and metis intelligence would create a son who is more powerful than his dad so he swallowed athene
-he has a terrible headache and his head split and athene was born
-athene had a lack of femininity because she enjoyed playing fighting/war games
-she is the goddess of war but not the blood like ares, instead the wisdom and justice
-athena wanted to be a god because boys were more favored
-she did not think mothers were important because she was born from zeus’s head and fathers are the protectors of the family.
-friends - apollo, pallas, jason
-enemies- Aphrodite, medussa, arachme
-arachne learned to be a weaver like her dad and she believed her skill was greater than athenes
-her an athene had a weaving contest in which athene was the obvious winner. arachne hangs herself and athene shows mercy by turning her into a spider.

Question 42

story of echo and narcissus

Answer 42

-echo is chatty nymph
-hera was so annoyed at echo so she cursed her so that echo was not able to say anything except the last few words she heard.
-echo wanted to talk to narcissus but he dismissed her because of her poor speech
-echo hid in a dark cave where her youth and beaty withered away, and her body vanished
-narcissus was thirsty from hunting so he went to get a drink from the pool when he saw his reflection. he was so obsessed with himself that he could not look away from the pool so his body eventually withered away and became a stem of a flower, and his head the lovely gold and white blossom called narcissus.
LESSON humans are never a match to gods

Question 43

story of aphrodite

Answer 43

-was born from the foam of the sea
-she held as her most precious charm a magic belt or gridle which made mortals fall in love with whoever happened to be wearing it
-she was the most beautiful goddess married to the ugliest god hephaetus
-she had many other lovers such as hermes, poseidon, dionysus and more
-the son of aphrodite and anchises was aeneas, who led the trojans to found the city of rome

Question 44

who is apollo

Answer 44

-son of zeus and leto
-twin of artemis

Question 45

what is a metaphor? what is a symbol?

Answer 45

A metaphor compares two different things without like or as in a way that isn’t literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison.
ex. life is a roller-coaster

A symbol is an object, shape, sign, or character used to represent something else ex. red roses symbolize love

Question 46

story of medussa

Answer 46

-perseus was son of zeus and danae
-they were sent away by danaes father because he feared perseus
-dictys took them in but his king brother polydectes fered perseus
-he told perseus that killing medusa would make him a great here in hopes of his death
-2 of the sisters were so ugly but medussa was beautiful. however the sight of the serpents in her hair turned men to stone
-perseus used the help of the gods to fulfil his mission. (athena - reflective sheild + hades - invisible helmet + hermes - silver sandals with wings + all of them - sickled sword)
-perseus was victorious