Genetics Bio quiz #1 Flashcards
tetrad
group of four
allele
different forms of a gene that code for a trait (ex. yellow or green pea color)
double helix
the shape of DNA that is made up of two long strands that form this spiral shape
nitrogenous base
molecules containing nitrogen atoms that form the building blocks of DNA and RNA
trisomy
the gain of an extra chromosome as a result of non-disjunction
gametogenesis
formation of sex cells during meiosis
crossing over
exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes
oocyte
the sex cell or egg of a female
gamete
male or female reproductive cell
telomere
region of DNA sequence at the ends of chromosomes to protect them from damaged like getting tangled
autosome
a chromosome that is not involved in determining the sex of an organism
karyotype
a photograph of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell
g1 phase
Growth 1, phase is the major period of growth for a cell. During this phase in the cell cycle, the cell is synthesizing many new molecules in preparation
or the next phase in the cell cycle.
S phase
the S, or Synthesis, phase
because the cellular DNA is copied, or replicated. During this phase, the DNA exists
as uncondensed fi bres called chromatin.
g2 phase
In this fi nal phase of interphase, the cell synthesizes more molecules prior to mitosis and cell division.
m phase (mitosis)
During mitosis, the cell’s copied DNA separates, ensuring each new cell gets an exact copy. This process allows the genetic information to be passed on accurately, creating two identical cells.
types of mutations
inversion, insertion, deletion, translation
a and t
adenine and thymine
c and g
cytosine and gaunine
p
phosphate
nucleotides
the whole thingy in structure
