Salmonella

Question 1

Salmonella description

Answer 1

Motile, Most are Lactose fermenters, produce H2S, gram negative, small rods

Question 2

Salmonella 2 species

Answer 2

S. bongori (many serovars) & S. enterica (many subspecies)

Question 3

Salmonella - Antigenic composition

Answer 3

O antigen (LPS) and H antigen (flagella)

Question 4

Salmonella adhesins

Answer 4

Fimbria/pili - attach M cells - Pef, Agf or curli and long polar fimbra Lpf

Question 5

Salmonella Pathogenicity islands

Answer 5

Effector proteins mediate uptake, ruffle formation, intra-macrophage survival, death of activated macrophages, unknown functions

Question 6

Salmonella Pathogenicity island types

Answer 6

Secreted proteins - Outer proteins- system effectors - system apparatus - Magnesium transport

Question 7

Salmonella reservoir

Answer 7

GI tract of animals, ubiquitous geographically & zoologically - Normal flora prevent disease

Question 8

Salmonella pathogenesis

Answer 8

Adherence to M cell/Epithelial cell–> injection of effectors & internalization–> replication & cell death –> chemokine release (inflammation–> hemorrhagic diarrhea) –> dissemination maybe, septicemia

Question 9

Salmonella in ruminants

Answer 9

Feedlots! Young & adults - Intestinal & deptic presentation (pneumonia & abortion, osteomyelitis/Joint ill)

Question 10

Salmonella species in cattle

Answer 10

S. dublin (pneumonia in calves), S. typhimurium, S. newport

Question 11

Salmonella species in sheep

Answer 11

S. typhimurium, S. abortus ovi

Question 12

Salmonella in Swine

Answer 12

Hog Cholera bacillus DDx=classical swine fever

Question 13

When I say hog cholera, you say…

Answer 13

Salmonella!

Question 14

Salmonella in horses

Answer 14

Common in adults, diarrhea - GI tract surgeries/colic/antimicrobial tx predisposes them

Question 15

Salmonella in dogs/cats

Answer 15

Carriers - outbreaks from contaminated food or treats

Question 16

Salmonella in poultry! 4 main diseases

Answer 16

Paratyphoid - Pullorum - Fowl typhoid - Avian arizonosis

Question 17

Salmonella - Paratyphoid disease

Answer 17

S. enteridis & typhimurium - High losses first 2 wks old - Survivors=asymptomatic shedders - Ingestion/fecal contamination - Button type lesions on small intestine

Question 18

If you see button-type lesions on SI, you say…

Answer 18

Paratyphoid disease! S. enteridis & typhimurium

Question 19

Pullorum diseases

Answer 19

Non-motile Pullorum - Bacillary white diarrhea - Grey nodules in heart, lung, liver

Question 20

When you see white diarrhea and grey nodules in heart, lung, liver, you think…

Answer 20

Pullorum diseases! Salmonella

Question 21

Fowl Typhoid

Answer 21

S. gallinarum - Similar to pullorum but in adults too - REPORTABLE in USA

Question 22

Salmonella in humans

Answer 22

Foodborne zoonoses - infection depends on dose, serotype, immune status - Typhoid Fever from Typhoid Mary - Gastroenteritis - Septicemia

Question 23

Typhoid fever in humans, you say…

Answer 23

Salmonella infection!

Question 24

Salmonella Immunity

Answer 24

Normal flora compete - Opsonins & anti-adhesins - Activated macrophages/PMN/ NKCs - Vaccinaiton (challenging)

Question 25

Salmonella Selective media

Answer 25

Lactose fermentors! Produce H2S! So: MacConkey agar, Brilliant Green agar, Xylose Lysine agar, HE agar, Eosin methylene blue, TSI —-etc