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RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives > Borrelia > Flashcards

Borrelia Flashcards

1
Q

Borrelia Gram___? Shape?

A

Gram Negative- stain poorly

Classic spirochetes

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2
Q

Borrelia Name the 3 animal pathogen species

A

B. anserina

B. theileri

B. burgdorferi sensu lato

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3
Q

What disease does Borrelia anserina affect

A

Fowl Spirochetosis

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4
Q

What pathogen causes Fowl Spirochetosis?

A

Borrelia anserina

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5
Q

What species does Borrelia theileri affect

A

Cattle (Occasionally sheep & horses)

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6
Q

What disease does Borrelia sensu lato cause?

A

Lyme Disease!!!

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7
Q

What species does Borrelia sensu lato affect?

A

Lyme Disease, 3 genospecies

Dogs - Humans - Horses (few others)

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8
Q

Describe Borrelia chromosomes

A

Linear, double-stranded

Multiple linear & cirucular plasmids

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9
Q

What aspects cause Borrelia to need specialized media for culture?

A

-Slow-growing -Microaerophilic -Ferment glucose

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10
Q

Borrelia Reservoir

A

Tick vectors! -Transmit bacteria during feeding, through bite wound

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11
Q

Borrelia Transmission

A
  • Tick vectors
  • Short-term, other arthropods
  • Placental - Milk - Urine
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12
Q

What animals suffer from Fowl Spirochetosis?

A

Mainly Chickens!

-Turkeys - Geese - Ducks - Pheasants - Pigeons - Canaries - other wild birds

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of Fowl Spirochetosis

A

B. anserina

-Fever - Depression - Anorexia - Cyanosis - Green Diarrhea - Paralysis - Anemia - Hepato/splenomegaly - Hemorrhage

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14
Q

What is the mortality rate of Fowl Spirochetosis (B. anserina)

A

10-100%

increased in younger birds

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15
Q

Borrelia anserina Distribution

A

Fowl Spirochetosis

Worldwide distribution

Not common in US

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16
Q

What species of tick is the main vector and reservoir?

A

Soft tick (Argas persicus)

17
Q

Describe the appearance of the liver, as a result of B. anserina (Fowl Spirochetosis)

A

Liver often enlarged, mottled, with necroses of various size & marginal infarctions

18
Q

B. anserina (Fowl Spirochetosis) Treatment

A

Antimicrobials (Penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol …etc)

  • Immune Serum
  • Bacterin vaccines
  • Control the parasites!!
19
Q

Borrelia theileri Distribution

A

Cattle -Africa & Australia

20
Q

What does Borrelia theileri cause in cattle?

A

Mild febrile anemia

21
Q

What is the treatment for Borrelia theileri?

A

Tetracycline works if needed (unclear pathogenesis)

-Control the Parasites!

22
Q

Lyme Borreliosis What species of Borrelia cause this?

A

B. burgdorferi sensu lato:

  • B. burgdorferi sensu stricto
  • B. garinii
  • B. afazelii
23
Q

What months are Lyme Borreliosis most prevalent?

A

May - October

24
Q

What species of ticks spread Lyme Borreliosis

A

-Ixodes scapularis -Ixodes pacificus (Sylvatic cycle- Deer)

25
Q

Lyme Borreliosis in humans

A
  • Most infections subclinical
  • Begins with skin lesion (Erythema migrans)
  • Eventually neural, cardiac, and arthritic complaints (weeks-months later)
26
Q

Lyme Borreliosis Pathogenesis in humans

A
  • Endotoxin
  • Hemolysin
  • Immune complexes
  • Immunosuppression
27
Q

Lyme Borreliosis Clinical signs in Dogs

A
  • Polyarthritis* -Fever* -Anorexia*
  • Malaise
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Carditis
  • Renal Disease
28
Q

Lyme Borreliosis In cats

A

Uncommon!

29
Q

Lyme Borreliosis Clinical signs in Horses

A
  • Polyarthritis
  • Ocular & neural involvement
  • Foal mortality
30
Q

Lyme Borreliosis Clinical signs in cattle

A

Similar to horses:

  • Polyarthritis
  • Ocular & neural involvement
  • Calf mortality
31
Q

Lyme Borreliosis Diagnosis

A
  • Culture is difficult
  • Dark-field microscopy
  • Serology (ELISA, IFA, Western) (Antibody titers)
  • Molecular (PCR)
32
Q

Lyme Borreliosis Treatment

A

**Doxycycline**

-Tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, peniccilin

**TICK CONTROL***

33
Q

Lyme Borreliosis Immunological Factors/Prevention

A

Humoral = essential for protection

  • Vaccines available

(Bacterin, OspA against B. burgdorferi in tick gut)

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives (26 decks)

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