Helicobacter

Question 1

Helicobacter Gram___? Shape?

Answer 1

Gram negative Spiral-shaped or curved

Question 2

Helicobacter Motile/Non-motile?

Answer 2

Flagellated, Motile

Question 3

Helicobacter- Original classification

Answer 3

Originally Campylobacter

Question 4

Helicobacter- Associated with what signs in all species?

Answer 4

GI tract disease

Question 5

Helicobacter pylori Human disease pattern

Answer 5

Persistent gastritis Peptic ulcer disease Gastric adenocarcinoma (?) Gastric mucosal-associated lymphoma (?)

Question 6

Helicobacter Disease range in animals

Answer 6

Asymptomatic to Gastritis to Cancer

Question 7

Helicobacter Virulence Factors Name them

Answer 7

Flagella Urease Adhesins LPS CagPAI Vac CDT

Question 8

Helicobacter Virulence Flagella

Answer 8

Motility for penetration of mucus Adherence to gastric epithelia

Question 9

Helicobacter Virulence Urease

Answer 9

Hydrolyzes urea to ammonium **Ammonium neutralizes gastric acids** Associated with inflammation

Question 10

Helicobacter Virulence Adhesins

Answer 10

“Saba and Baba” SabA- Sialic acid-binding adhesin BabA - Blood group antigen-binding adhesin

Question 11

Helicobacter Virulence LPS

Answer 11

Usual Endotoxin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, O-repeats=anticomplement

Question 12

Helicobacter Virulence Cag PAI Codes for what?

Answer 12

Cytotoxin associated gene pathogenicity island Codes for T4SS Allows CagA protein into host cells

Question 13

Helicobacter Virulence Vac

Answer 13

Vacuolating Cytotoxin -Disrupts epithelial barrier -Pro-inflammatory

Question 14

Helicobacter Virulence CDT

Answer 14

Cytolethal Distending Toxin -Similar to that from C. jejuni

Question 15

Helicobacter - Culture conditions Aerobe/Non-aerobe

Answer 15

Microaerophilic (Not aerobic)

Question 16

Helicobacter - Culture conditions Optimal growth temp

Answer 16

37C

Question 17

Helicobacter - Culture Colony description

Answer 17

Slow-growing, flat, non-pigmented, non-hemolytic colonies.

Question 18

Helicobacter - Culture conditions Fastidious?

Answer 18

Yes! Needs selective media

Question 19

Helicobacter - Culture conditions - Selective media

Answer 19

Vancomycin Amphotericin Trimethoprim Cefsulodin Lysed horse blood

Question 20

Helicobacter Reservoir

Answer 20

**Gastric mucus layer** Many animals

Question 21

What percentage of dogs and cats are infected with Helicobacter spp?

Answer 21

80-100%

Question 22

How many slaughtered pigs are infected with Helicobacter suis?

Answer 22

60%

Question 23

Helicobacter Transmission

Answer 23

Oral-oral Fecal-oral

Question 24

Helicobacter Zoonotic potential

Answer 24

Some evidence, not huge risk

Question 25

Helicobacter Pathogenesis

Answer 25

Not perfectly understood -Alters GI physiology w/Urease -Adjusts to gastric environment & colonizes -Chronic inflammation

Question 26

Helicobacter Pathological changes

Answer 26

Gastric & Hepatic

Question 27

Helicobacter - Pathology of Stomach

Answer 27

Hyperplasia Reduction of mucus Degeneration of glands Necrosis Variable inflammation

Question 28

Helicobacter -Pathology of liver

Answer 28

Inflammatory and necrotizing lesions

Question 29

Helicobacter - Lab Dx Smears/Stains

Answer 29

Of gastric mucosa Difficult/not impossible to identify this way

Question 30

Helicobacter- Lab diagnostic methods

Answer 30

Stained gastric mucosa smears Urease tests Culture is difficult PCR/Western Blot/ FISH

Question 31

What is the FISH diagnostic test?

Answer 31

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

Question 32

Helicobacter Treatment theory

Answer 32

Controversial, most infections subclinical -Resistance could develop quickly

Question 33

Helicobacter Treatment drugs

Answer 33

Combination therapies effective: Amoxicillin & Metronidazole Amoxicillin & clarithromycin Bismuth subsalicylate, omeprazole &/or famotidine for clinical gastric infections

Question 34

H. pylori Catalase Pos/Neg?

Answer 34

Catalase Positive

Question 35

H. pylori Oxidase Pos/Neg?

Answer 35

Oxidase Positive

Question 36

H. pylori Alkaline Phosphatase pos/neg?

Answer 36

Alkaline Phosphatase Positive

Question 37

H. pylori Indoxyl acetate pos/neg?

Answer 37

Indoxyl acetate Negative

Question 38

H. pylori Growth at 42 C?

Answer 38

No growth at 42 C

Question 39

H. pylori Growth in 1% glycine?

Answer 39

No growth in 1% glycine

Question 40

H. pylori Nitrate reductase pos/neg?

Answer 40

Nitrate reductase negative

Question 41

H. pylori Urease Pos/Neg?

Answer 41

Urease positive