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Bordetella Flashcards

1
Q

What family does Bordetella belong to? (Taxonomically)

A

Family Alcaligenaceae

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2
Q

Bordetella Aerobe/Non-aerobe

A

Aerobic

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3
Q

Bordetella target cells

A

Ciliated respiratory epithelium

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4
Q

Bordetella Gram _____? Shape?

A

Pleomorphic, Gram negative coccobacilli

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5
Q

Bordetella Motile/Non-Motile?

A

Some motile by petrichous flagella (B. bronchiseptica, B. avium)

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6
Q

Bordetella Which species has a capsule?

A

B. bronchiseptica has capsule

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7
Q

Bordetella Virulence factors

A

Adhesins!!!! Capsule Cell Wall (LPS & OMP Brk) Iron acquisition T3SS 4 Exotoxins

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8
Q

How do Bordetella species derive energy?

A

Oxidation of amino acids

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9
Q

How many Bordetella species are described? What determines their variation?

A

8 described species Important pathogens Variability - serological, hemolytic, toxicity

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10
Q

Which three Bordatella species are very closely related?

A

B. pertussis B. parapertussis B. bronchiseptica

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11
Q

What does B. pertussis cause in humans?

A

Whooping cough

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12
Q

What does B. parapertussis cause in humans? Lambs?

A

Whooping cough in humans Pneumonia in lambs

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13
Q

What diseases does B. bronchiseptica cause?

A

Porcine atrophic rhinitis Canine & feline kennel cough** Bronchopneumonia (many spp)

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14
Q

What diseases does B. avium cause?

A

Rhinotracheitis of birds -Mainly turkey -***TURKEY CORYZA**

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15
Q

Bordetella Name the Adhesins

A

BvgAS regulon Fimbriae FHA - Filamentous hemagglutin Prn - Pertactin Tcf - Tracheal colonization factor LPS - cell wall

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16
Q

Bordetella BvgAS regulon

A

Expression due to environmental cues -Responsible for phase variation —Avirulent at 25C, but activates at 37C

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17
Q

Bordetella Fimbriae function

A

Adhere to **epithelial cells of respiratory tract!**

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18
Q

Bordetella FHA function

A

Filamentous hemagglutinin -Adherence to respiratory tract cells, macrophages -***Hemagglutination***

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19
Q

Bordetella Prn function

A

Prn- Pertactin Adhesive OMP (outer membrane protein) Adheres to respiratory tract cells and macrophages

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20
Q

Bordetella Tcf function

A

Adherence to respiratory tract

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21
Q

Bordetella Cell wall virulence

A

LPS (endotoxin, anti-complement, anti-phagocytic, pro-inflammatory (CD-14-cytokines)) OMP Brk (Bordetella resistance to killing) (Anti-complement)

22
Q

Bordetella Iron acquisition strategies

A

Alcaligin (Secreted hydroxamate-type siderophore) Enterobactin (Enterobacteriaceae siderophore) OMP (BhuR-Bordetella heme uptake receptors)

23
Q

Bordetella Secretion system

A

T3SS -Apoptosis -Loss of epithelial integrity -Evasion of immune system

24
Q

What are the four exotoxins of Bordetella?

A

Tracheal cytotoxin Dermonecrotic toxin Adenylyl cyclase toxin Pertusses toxin (only active in B. pertussis)

25
Bordetella Tracheal cytotoxin
Damage ciliated epithelial cells Macrophages release IL-1, Pro-inflammatory
26
Bordetella Dermonecrotic toxin
Affects actin cytoskeleton Inhibits osteoblast differentiation in bone tissues (atrophic rhinitis!)
27
Bordetella Adenylyl cyclase toxin
Pore-forming protein (RTX repeats) Deregulates ion/fluid flow Reduces leukocyte phagocytic capacity Hemolytic
28
Bordetella Pertussis toxin
Only active in B. pertussis Loss of fluids & ions Interference with phagocytosis
29
Bordetella Reservoir (Specify for B. bronchiseptica & B. avium)
Ciliated respiratory tract tissue B. bronchiseptica - common, MANY species carry it B. avium- infected fowl (turkey coryza)
30
Bordetella Transmission
DIRECT CONTACT mainly Mammals-airborne Turkeys- water & litter
31
Bordetella Pathogenesis
Activation of BvgAS regulon--\> Adherence & multiplication IN host cells--\> Bordetella escape immune system--\> Depression of respiratory tract clearance, Secondary complications, pneumonia
32
Bordetella Pathogenesis difference in pigs
In pigs: Nasal irritation that opens doors to P. multicoda Pmt!!
33
Bordetella Pathology
Destruction of ciliated respiratory epithelium Suppurative (rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis) May lead to suppurative pneumonia & air sacculitis
34
Bordetella Disease pattern Dogs
Young, non-immune dogs Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis "Kennel Cough" Pneumonia - usually in dogs with distemper Usually resolves in less than a month
35
Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis is also known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Kennel Cough
36
Major co-infectious agents of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis
Kennel Cough Major co-infections= B. bronchiseptica, canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenoviruses 1&2, canine herpesvirus Others- canine distemper, Reovirus 1,2,3, Mycoplasma spp.
37
Bordetella Disease pattern Dogs & cats
Cats- commonly associated with herpesvirus, calicivirus, Mycoplasma, Clamydiophila Coughing not common
38
Bordetella Disease Pattern Swine
39
What disease do these pictures indicate:
Atrophic Rhinitis, swine
40
Bordetella Disease Pattern Poultry
B. avium Needs differentiation from Alcaligenes faecalis Highly contagious in young poults \*\*Turkey Coryza!!!\*\*\*
41
Turkey Coryza
Bordetella avium Tracheobronchitis, sinusitis, airsacculitis, nasal exudate, conjunctivitis, tracheal rales & dyspnea High morbidity, low mortality (unless secondary infections) Contaminated environment!
42
What disease does this picture indicate?
Bordetella avium Flattening of tracheal rings
43
Bordetella Disease Patterns Lab animals
Rabbit bordetellosis - may appear similar to Snuffles (P. multocida) B. bronchiseptica - alone are asymptomatic With P. multicoda--\> bronchopneumonia
44
Bordetella Immunological aspects
Can depress Cell Mediated response by dendritic cells Antibodies= some anti-adhesin protection Live attenuated vaccines and bacterin-toxoids show some protection Should also vaccinate against synergistic pathogens
45
Bordetella Culture procedure What is collected for culture?
-Nasal swabs -Sediments of transtracheal washes -Tracheal swabs Agar culture, PCR, Serology, Biochemical tests
46
Bordetella What type of agar used?
Blood and MacConkey Agar Recall: strict aerobes derive energy from amino acid oxidation. Are Non-lactose fermenters. Most are hemolytic.
47
Bordetella Describe the colonies on blood agar
Small-medium, grey Zone of beta hemolysis under colonies (Only seen if colony removed from agar surface)
48
Bordetella Biochemical aspects (catalase/oxidase/etc)
Catalase and Oxidase Positive No carb fermentation Use citrate as carbon source B. bronchiseptica also uses nitrate and splits urea Slide hemagglutination test
49
Bordetella Treatment & Control Progressive atrophic rhinitis
Not treatable in advance cases Mantenance of aged sow herd w/low carrier state Disinfection & cleanup of farrowing houses & nurseries Vaccination Antimicrobials, also as prophylactic (sulfonamides)
50
Bordetella Treatment & Control Canine tracheobronchitis
"Kennel Cough!" Vaccination Kennel fumigation Ventilation Antimicrobials controversial -Only necessary if pneumonia is diagnosed. Use tetracyclines)
51
Bordetella Treatment & Control Poultry
Vaccination Antimicrobials - Intermediate results, Tetracyclines, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives (26 decks)

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