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RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives > Pseudomonas > Flashcards

Pseudomonas Flashcards

1
Q

Pseudomonas: Gram ________? Shape?

A

Gram Negative, Rods

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2
Q

Pseudomonas: Aerobic/Non-aerobic?

A

Obligate aerobe

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3
Q

Pseudomonas: Motile/Non-motile?

A

Motile

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4
Q

Pseudomonas: Distribution? Opportunist?

A

Ubiquitous - Worldwide - Remarkable capacity to adapt & thrive in diverse ecological niches **Opportunistic Pathogen**

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5
Q

Pseudomonas: What is the strain of veterinary importance?

A

P. aeruginosa - Secondary agent

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6
Q

Pseudomonas: Does it exhibit antimicrobial sensitivity?

A

**Significant antimicrobial resistance** R plasmids!

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7
Q

Pseudomonas: Places it can be found in the environment?

A

Wet, poorly aerated environments -Surgery areas w/support bags -Hoses in anesthetic machine -Mastitis preparations/infusions -Semen extenders -Irrigation Fluids -Hydrotherapy baths -***Endotracheal tubes

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8
Q

Pseudomonas: Virulence Factors

A

-Adhesins (different types) -Capsule -Cell Wall LPS -Extracellular Slime/Biofilm -Siderophores (types) -Exotoxins -Others: Elastase, Proteases, Phospholipase C (hemolysin)

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9
Q

Pseudomonas: Types of Adhesins

A

-Fimbrial, Type IV pili, bind glycoproteins on epithelial cells -Non-Fimbrial (OMPs) -Affinity for mucin -Flagella & LPS - Affinity for Cl- channels

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10
Q

Pseudomonas: Types of Siderophores

A

Pyochelin & Pyoverdin

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11
Q

Pseudomonas: Types of Exotoxins

A

T3SS - **Exotoxin A** -Exotoxin S, T, U & Y

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12
Q

Pseudomonas: Exotoxin A function

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

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13
Q

Pseudomonas: Exotoxin S & T function

A

Affect actin cytoskeleton, interfere with phagocytosis

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14
Q

Pseudomonas: Exotoxin U function

A

Cytotoxic effect

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15
Q

Pseudomonas: Exotoxin Y function

A

Increases intracellular cAMP to cytopathic levels

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16
Q

Pseudomonas: Miscellaneous products

A

Bacteriocins & Pigments -Toxic to bacteria and eukaryotic cells

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17
Q

Pseudomonas: Bacteriocins (Pyocins)

A

Useful epidemiologically

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18
Q

Pseudomonas: Pigments (Pyocyanins)

A

Use Diagnostically -Produce O2 radicals toxic to eukaryotes & prokaryotes -Self-protected by catalase & superoxide dismutase

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19
Q

Pseudomonas: Catalase and Superoxide dismutase function

A

Protect from O2 radicals produced by pigments/pyocyanins to kill host cells

20
Q

Pseudomonas: Reservoir

A

Soil, water, feces of normal animals (NOT normal flora)

21
Q

Pseudomonas: Transmission

A

Secondary to compromised host (environmental or endogenous)

22
Q

Pseudomonas: Pathogenesis

A

Reduced normal flora / antimicrobial use –> Pseudomonas colonization, highly resistant, strong adherence –> Tissue destruction, inflammation, exotoxins, pyocyanin

23
Q

Pseudomonas: Disease Patterns: Dog & Cat

A

*Otitis Externa (swimmers, long droopy ears, hair in ear canal) *Lower UTI Pyoderma

24
Q

Pseudomonas: Disease Patterns: Horse

A

Metritis/Vaginitis (secondary or contaminated semen) Keratitis & conjunctivitis (after topical steroid-antibiotic mixtures)

25
Q

Pseudomonas: Case Report:

A

Boxer dog, multifocal papular deep bacterial pyoderma

26
Q

Pseudomonas: Disease Pattern: Farmed Mink

A

Particularly susceptible Hemorrhagic pneumonia & septicemia with high mortalities ~50%

27
Q

Pseudomonas: Disease Pattern: Bovine

A

Mastitis (Contaminated intramammary infusion / teat-dipping solution)

28
Q

Pseudomonas: Disease Pattern: Reptiles

A

Necrotic stomatitis, pneumonia, septicemia -Poor husbandry

29
Q

Pseudomonal botryomycosis Presentation

A

Chronic granulomatous inflammation of skin, subcutis, viscera.

30
Q

DDx of Pseudomonal botryomycosis

A

Fungal infections, Staphylococcal botryomycosis

31
Q

Pseudomonas: Case Study Disease Pattern: Sheep

A

Fleece Rot -Purulent rhinitis & otitis after showered with contaminated “shower wash”

32
Q

Pseudomonas: Disease pattern: Humans

A

Septicemia -Immunocompromised individuals -Burns, leukemia, cystic fibrosis

33
Q

Pseudomonas: Immunology

A

No significant specific immune response -Need to decrease risk of secondary infection (hygiene, husbandry)

34
Q

Pseudomonas: Vaccine?

A

Possible with extracts of organisms or exotoxin A

35
Q

What Media should be used to grow Pseudomonas?

A

Grows on all common media, 4-42C

36
Q

Does Pseudomonas exhibit hemolysis?

A

Beta-hemolytic & grows quickly

37
Q

What do Pseudomonas cultures often smell like?

A

Corn tortillas, grapes, flowers

38
Q

Are Pseudomonas spp. Oxidase positive or negative?

A

Oxidase Positive -Different from enterics!

39
Q

What are the results of the TSI test with Pseudomonas?

A

-Red butt & slant (K/K) -Non-fermenter of all three sugars -No Gas Production

40
Q

What do Pseudomonas spp. pigments do to the appearance of the colonies?

A

Pigments give darker appearance in areas of confluent growth

41
Q

What does this image indicate about Pseudomonas grown on MacConkey agar?

A

That it is Lactose Negative

42
Q

Pseudomonas: Lab Dx: Trypticase soy agar results

A

Pyocyanin production

43
Q

What do these cultures reveal about Pseudomonas spp. pigments?

A
  • Left: Pyocanin pigment production by P. aeruginosa on trypticase soy agar
  • Right: Green pigmentation from two water-soluble dyes: blue pyocins & yellow fluorescein
44
Q

Pseudomonas: Treatment & Control

A

**ID predisposing factor, eliminate source of organism** -Antimicrobial Therapy (other slide) -Hygeinic Practices -Vaccines may reduce disease severity

45
Q

Pseudomonas: Antimicrobial Therapy

A

Very resistant so difficult -Often aids colonization of pseudomonads by eliminating other bacteria -Tetracycline for dog UTI -Gentamicin or tobramycin with cabenicllinin or potentiated ticarcillin

46
Q

Pseudomonas: Resistance Factors

A

–Low outer membrane permeability –Multidrug efflux pumps –Production of chromosomally-encoded B-lactamases –Biofilms/Slimes

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives (26 decks)

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