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RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives > Francisella > Flashcards

Francisella Flashcards

1
Q

What family does Genus Francisella belong to?

A

Family Francisellaceae (Gammaproteobacteria)

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2
Q

What are the three important Francisella species?

A

F. tularensis F. philomiragia F. noatunensis

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3
Q

Francisella Gram _____? Shape?

A

Gram Negative, small, pleomorphic

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4
Q

Francisella Motile/Non-motile?

A

Non-motile

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5
Q

Francisella Oxidase Pos/Neg?

A

Oxidase negative

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6
Q

Francisella Catalase Pos/Neg?

A

Weakly catalase positive

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7
Q

Francisella Aerobe/Non-aerobe?

A

Obligatory aerobic

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8
Q

Francisella Spore/Non-spore forming?

A

Do NOT produce spores

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9
Q

Francisella Is this a fastidious organism? (requires special nutrition to grow)

A

EXTREMELY FASTIDIOUS!! Glucose-Cysteine blood agar necessary

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10
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Highly infectious Causes Tularemia REPORTABLE Affects very wide range of species Several different subspecies

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11
Q

What are common names for Tularemia?

A

Rabbit Fever Deer-fly fever Lemming Fever

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12
Q

What is the disease also known as Rabbit Fever, Deer-fly fever and Lemming fever?

A

Tularemia, caused by F. tularensis

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13
Q

F. noatunensis

A

Emergent aquatic animal pathogen

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14
Q

Francisella tularensis Pathogenicity and geographical distribution

A

Most important human pathogens: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis. North America. TYPE A F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. Europe. TYPE B

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15
Q

F tularensis subsp. tularensis

A

Potential Bioweapon! Extreme virulence Low infectious dose Easy aerosol dissemination Severe illness and death 10 CFUs inhaled can cause disease 30-60% untreated infections can be fatal

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16
Q

Francisella Virulence factors

A

Capsule - Mannose Cell wall - LPS Acp - Acid phosphatase Pathogenicity Island

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17
Q

What does Mannose on a capsule do?

A

Mannose receptors in phagocytes Want to be phagocytized by naive-macrophages

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18
Q

Francisella Role of Acp

A

Acid phosphatase Suppresses respiratory burst of phagocytes

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19
Q

Francisella Pathogenicity Island Name the components

A

igl (Intracellular growth locus) Mgl (Macrophage growth locus) Pdp (Pathogenicity determinant proteins)

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20
Q

Francisella Products of igl

A

Intracellular survival in phagocytes T6SS Iron uptake

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21
Q

Francisella Mgl role

A

Many functions Regulatory of igl

22
Q

Francisella Pdp role

A

Pathogenicity determinant proteins Intracellular survival in phagocytes Virulence

23
Q

Francisella Reservoir

A

Infected lagomorphs, rodents, amoebae

24
Q

Francisella Transmission

A

Mainly by *ticks*, mosquitos, deer fly Water Prey Humans- percutaneous, conjunctival, inhalation, ingestion

25
Q

Which tick species transmit Francisella?

A

Dermacentor variabilis Dermacentor andersoni Amblyomma americanum

26
Q

Name the six forms of Tularemia

A

**Depends on mode of transmission** *Ulceroglandular* from arthropod vector Oculoglandular Pneumonic Oropharyngeal Gastrointestinal Typhoidal

27
Q

Tularemia presentation in different species

A

Wide variety of presentations in humans Cats**Most frequent domestic animal Sheep/Horse/Young pigs Dogs fairly resistant

28
Q

Name/describe this lesion

A

Ulcer caused by Francisella tularensis on the hand “Ulceroglandular”

29
Q

Name/describe this lesion

A

Oculoglandular tularemia in human

30
Q

Ulceroglandular tularemia

A

80% of cases Often from tick bite

31
Q

Pulmonary & Oropharyngeal/Gastrointestinal tularemia

A

Acquired via inhalation Oral exposure - Water or meat Most dangerous of all (40-60% case fatality)

32
Q

Clinical signs of Tularemia in humans

A

Depends on mode of infection High fever, headache, signs of toxicity (myalgia, anorexia, prostration) for several days Pneumonia with non-productive cough Liver damage- elevated liver transaminases

33
Q

Francisella Pathogenesis

A

Infectious event–> Local phagocyte population, uptake, survival and multiplication, survive complement & colonize regional lymph nodes–> Granulomatous inflammation (intracell survival, Mgl, igl, T6SS, apoptosis & necrosis of phagocytes & infection of other cells

34
Q

Francisella Pathology

A

Irregular microabscesses Pyogranulomatous inflammation (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, necrotizing pneumonia) Highly cytotoxic (damage to inflammatory & parenchymal cells) Local lesions - walled granulomatous structures with central necrosis - Often suggestive of necrosis

35
Q

Francisella Case Report

A

Non-human primates in a zoo

36
Q

Francisella Case Report

A

Prairie dog in Texas - Francisellosis

37
Q

Francisella Pathogenesis

A

Intracellular survival*** Evade phagocytes Macrophage=primary target Eventual host cell death, moves on to neighboring cells

38
Q

Francisella Immunological aspects

A

Largely Cell Mediated Immunity Live attenuated vaccines for at-risk populations

39
Q

Francisella Lab diagnosis Stain used for Francisella

A

Giemsa stain exudates

40
Q

Francisella Lab diagnosis Serology tests used

A

IFA ELISA Agglutination

41
Q

Francisella Lab diagnosis Culture: Agar used

A

Glucose-cysteine heart agar Chocolate agar Oxidase Negative Does not grow on MacConkey

42
Q

Francisella Lab diagnosis - all tests used

A

Giemsa stains Serology Culture In vivo infections Molecular - PCR

43
Q

Francisella Name the agar types

A

A- Buffered charcoal yeast extract B-Chocolate agar medium C-Sheep’s blood agar D-Cysteine heart agar

44
Q

Francisella Treatment & Control

A

Antimicrobials Control Ticks Limit access to water/feed Wildlife population control

45
Q

Francisella Antimicrobial treatment

A

Facultative intracellular organism Aminoglycosides - Gentamycin & Streptomycin Fluoroquinolones Tetracyclines

46
Q

Francisella Type of aquatic organisms

A

Warm & Cold water Marine & Fresh water Wild & Cultured fish **Tilapia, cod, hybrid striped bass & others***

47
Q

Francisella Describe disease lesions in aquatics

A

Granulomatous lesions in spleen & head kidney (hematopoetic)

48
Q

What fish cells do Francisella spp. survive in?

A

Fish macrophages & monocytes

49
Q

What bacteria caused these lesions?

A

Francisellosis in fish

50
Q

What bacteria caused these lesions?

A

Francisellosis in fish

51
Q

What conditions should Francisella be cultured at?

A

In vitro temperature growth: 20-30C, NO GROWTH at 15 or 37C

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives (26 decks)

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