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RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives > Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Mollicutes General Morphology

A

“Soft Skin”

  • Smallest self-replicating organisms
  • NO CELL WALL
  • Ubiquitous
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2
Q

Mollicutes - 3 Genera

A

Mycoplasma

Ureaplasma

Acholeplasma

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3
Q

What are the two types of Mollicutes

A

Non-hemotrophic & Hemotrophic

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4
Q

What are the common sites of disease in Non-Hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Respiratory Tract - Urinary Tract - Arthritis - Mastitis - Conjunctivitis - Septicemia

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5
Q

What were Hemotrophic mollicutes formerly classified as?

A

Haemobartonella & Eperythrozoon

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6
Q

What is the disease pattern of Hemotrophic mollicutes?

A

Hemolytic anemia

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7
Q

Mollicutes Shape? Stain-ability?

A

Very pleomorphic

-Stains poorly

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8
Q

What do mollicutes have instead of a cell wall?

A

Trilaminar membrane

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9
Q

Describe the components of the trilaminar membrane of mollicutes

A

Proteins - Glycoproteins

  • Lipoproteins - Phospholipids - Sterols

(Cholesterol for osmotic stability)

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10
Q

Describe the genome of mollicutes

A

Very small genome

-Extremely plastic (plasmic, phage, transposon components)

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11
Q

What might mollicutes have evolved from?

A

Clostridium - Streptococcus

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12
Q

Which genera are non-hemotrophic mollicutes?

A

Ureaplasma and non-hemotrophic mycoplasma

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13
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Host range?

A

Often host-specific (not exclusively)

NOT usually zoonotic

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14
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Culture/ growth patterns

A

Slow Growth

  • CO2-enriched atmosphere at mammalian temps

****-“Fried egg” colonies

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15
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Sites of infection & presentations

A

Mainly respiratory and urogenital tract infections

-Occasionally conjunctivitis - arthritis - mastitis - septicemia

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16
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Reservoir

A
  • Possible normal flora of infected host
  • *Mucosal surfaces*
  • May survive in moist, cool environments
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17
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Transmission

A

Usually *direct contact*

(respiratory or venereal secretions)

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18
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Epidemiology

A

Asymptomatic carriers

  • Dairies: mechanical
  • Poultry: vertical
  • Arthropod suspected
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19
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Pathogenesis

A

Underlying factor –>

attachment to host mucosa –>

Some survive in non-phagocytic cells or fuse with eukaryotic cell membranes –>

Latent infections

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20
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Pathogenesis

What are underlying factors for disease susceptibility?

A
  • Age
  • Crowding
  • Concurrent infections
  • Transportation stress
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21
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Latent infections -How do they evade the immune system?

A
  • Antigenic variability
  • Biological mimicry
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22
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Acute septicemic form

A

Coagulopathy & widespread vascular thrombosis (Resembles gram-neg septicemia)

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23
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Chronic infections

A

Persists through intense inflammatory response & peroxidation

-Tissue damage

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24
Q

Mollicutes Virulence Factors

A

Peroxide/ Superoxide

Urease

Proinflammatory molecules

IgA proteases

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25
Mollicutes Peroxide/Superoxide role
Disrupt host cell integrity
26
Mollicutes Urease role
Ureaplasma spp. Inflammatory & increases pH (ammonia)
27
Mollicutes Proinflammatory molecules
- Leftover/excessive antigens - Downregulate or "confuse" CMI & humoral system
28
Avian Mycoplasmosis 3 causative species
M. gallisepticum M. synoviae M. meleagridis M. iowae
29
Avian Mycoplasmosis M. gallisepticum Clinical signs chickens vs. turkeys
Chickens: Chronic respiratory disease Turkeys: Infectious sinusitis Both: Decreased egg production \*House finch conjunctivitis (US)
30
Avian Mycoplasmosis M. synoviae Clinical signs
Turkeys: Sternal bursitis Synovitis (Lameness, joint swelling, reduced growth) Subclinical airsacculitis
31
Avian Mycoplasmosis M. meleagridis M. iowae Mainly in turkeys- Clinical signs
Airsacculitis - Skeletal deformities - Growth stunting - Decreased egg hatchability
32
What disease does Mycoplasma cause in bovine?
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
33
What species of mycoplasma causes CBPP in bovine?
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (small colony variant)
34
Describe CBPP in bovine
Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides Most virulent Mycoplasma in cattle Respiratory disease
35
CBPP respiratory signs
Subclinical & persistent Sometimes acute and/or fatal presentation Respiratory distress - Coughing - Nasal discharge - Lethargy
36
CBPP key sign at necropsy
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia -Micro-abscesses throughout lung tissue
37
What disease does this finding indicate?
Micro-abscesses throughout the lung -Mycoplasma infected ruminants
38
Bovine mycoplasma mastitis Causative species?
M. bovis M. californicum M. canadense (M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium)
39
What are the key signs of mycoplasma mastitis?
Drop in milk production (duh) Milk= thick & mixed with watery & purulent secretions Udder= swollen, 4 quarters affected Enlarged supramammary lymph nodes, Dissemination possible
40
What is the arrow pointing to in this picture?
Enlarged supra-mammary lymph nodes in cow with mastitis
41
Bovine mollicute urinary tract infections Causative species
Mycoplasma bovigenitalium Ureaplasma diversum (normal commensal organisms of lower UG tract)
42
Bovine mollicute urinary tract infections Clinical signs
Seminal vesiculitis in bulls Granular vulvitis Vaginitis - Endometritis - Abortions
43
Caprine/Ovine mollicute infection 2 reportable diseases
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia Contagious agalactia of sheep & goats
44
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia Causative species
M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Similar to bovine pleuropneumonia)
45
Contagious agalactia of sheep & goats Causative species
M. agalactiae M. putrefaciens
46
Contagious agalactia of sheep & goats Clinical signs
Febrile mastitis Arthritis & conjunctivitis
47
Sheep & Goats: M. mycoides supsp mycoides (large colony variants) Clinical signs
Mastitis - Pneumonia - Bursitis - Arthritis Kids: rapid fatal septicemia
48
Sheep & Goats M. mycoides capri Clinical signs
Pleuropneumonia
49
Three causative species of Porcine mycoplasma infection
M. hyopneumoniae M. hyorhinis M. hyosynoviae
50
What disease does M. hyopneumoniae cause?
Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia
51
What is the causative species of Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia
M. hyopneumoniae
52
Clinical signs of Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia
M. hyopneumoniae Chronic respiratory disease Chronic non-productive cough, Unthrifty, decreased weight gain (in growers) High morbidity, Low mortality
53
What age of pigs does M. hyorhinis affect?
Systemic infection in pigs 3-10wks
54
What are the clinical signs of M. hyorhinis?
\*\*Polyserositis\*\* Fever, anorexia, listlessness Arthritis, lameness
55
Clinical signs of a pig infected with M. hyosynoviae
Arthritis in growers (3-6mo) Lameness
56
What mycoplasma species affect horses?
M. felis M. equirhinitis M. fastidiosum M. equigenitalum M. subdolum
57
What mycoplasma species causes self-limitin pleuritis in horse?
M. felis
58
What mycoplasma species cause respiratory disease in horse?
M. equirhinitis M. fastidiosum
59
What mycoplasma species cause infertility in mares?
M. equigenitalium M. subdolum
60
What mycoplasma species affect Felines
M. gatae M. felis
61
What does M. gatae cause in cats?
Arthritis
62
What does M. felis cause in cats?
Conjuntivitis
63
What mycoplasma species affect canine
M. canis M. cynos M. spumans
64
What are the clinical signs of Mycoplasma canis in dogs?
Urogenital disease (prostatitis, cystitis, endometritis, orchitis, epididymitis) Infertility
65
What disease do M. cynose and M. spumans cause in canines?
Respiratory & arthritic associations
66
What species of mycoplasma affect murine (mice/rats)
M. pulmonis
67
What does M. pulmonis cause in mice/rats?
Mice: Mild-moderate respiratory disease Rats: genital tract infections
68
Diagnosis of mycoplasma infection
Samples from affected tissues - Culture very difficult - Serological & molecular techniques more promising
69
Prevention of mycoplasma infection
Attenuated Live Vaccines! Diminish disease, not infection Protect cattle in CBPP enzootic areas Used for swine pneumonias, caprine mastitis, egg losses in avian
70
Treatment of mycoplasma infection
Tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones -High failure rates
71
Control mycoplasma infections
Test & slaughter BIOSECURITY Most effective for control
72
Hemotrophic mollicutes Area of infection
Red blood cell parasites
73
Hemotrophic mollicutes Clinical signs
Hemolytic anemia in young, immunocompromised, stressed animals (asymptomatic / subclinical)
74
Hemotrophic mollicutes Spread/Transmission
Blood-to-blood contact Ectoparasites
75
Hemotrophic mollicutes Important species Cats
M. haemofelis (Feline Infectious Anemia)
76
Hemotrophic mollicutes Important species Dog
M. haemocanis
77
Hemotrophic mollicutes Important species Pigs
M. suis
78
Hemotrophic mollicutes Important species Cattle
M. wenyonii
79
Hemotrophic mollicutes Important species Caprine/Ovine
M. ovis
80
Hemotrophic mollicutes Important species Mice
M. coccoides M. haemomuris
81
Hemotrophic mollicutes Clinical signs
Icterus Splenomegaly Bone marrow hyperplasia
82
Hemotrophic mollicutes Diagnosis
Clinical signs Visualize on blood film PCR
83
Hemotrophic mollicutes Treatment
Correct the anemia! Tetracyclines
84
Hemotrophic mollicute Feline infectious anemia Causative agent
Mycoplasma haemofelis
85
Hemotrophic mollicute Feline infectious anemia Disease pattern
Concurrent with FIV / FeLV Free-roaming tom cats Peracute/Acute\*/Chronic Fever, anemia weakness, jaundice
86
Hemotrophic mollicute Feline infectious anemia Differentials
Autoimmune anemia Babesia Cytauxzoon felis
87
Hemotrophic mollicute Feline infectious anemia Treatment
Blood Doxycycline Flea control

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives (26 decks)

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