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RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives > Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Mollicutes General Morphology

A

“Soft Skin”

  • Smallest self-replicating organisms
  • NO CELL WALL
  • Ubiquitous
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2
Q

Mollicutes - 3 Genera

A

Mycoplasma

Ureaplasma

Acholeplasma

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3
Q

What are the two types of Mollicutes

A

Non-hemotrophic & Hemotrophic

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4
Q

What are the common sites of disease in Non-Hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Respiratory Tract - Urinary Tract - Arthritis - Mastitis - Conjunctivitis - Septicemia

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5
Q

What were Hemotrophic mollicutes formerly classified as?

A

Haemobartonella & Eperythrozoon

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6
Q

What is the disease pattern of Hemotrophic mollicutes?

A

Hemolytic anemia

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7
Q

Mollicutes Shape? Stain-ability?

A

Very pleomorphic

-Stains poorly

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8
Q

What do mollicutes have instead of a cell wall?

A

Trilaminar membrane

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9
Q

Describe the components of the trilaminar membrane of mollicutes

A

Proteins - Glycoproteins

  • Lipoproteins - Phospholipids - Sterols

(Cholesterol for osmotic stability)

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10
Q

Describe the genome of mollicutes

A

Very small genome

-Extremely plastic (plasmic, phage, transposon components)

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11
Q

What might mollicutes have evolved from?

A

Clostridium - Streptococcus

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12
Q

Which genera are non-hemotrophic mollicutes?

A

Ureaplasma and non-hemotrophic mycoplasma

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13
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Host range?

A

Often host-specific (not exclusively)

NOT usually zoonotic

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14
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Culture/ growth patterns

A

Slow Growth

  • CO2-enriched atmosphere at mammalian temps

****-“Fried egg” colonies

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15
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Sites of infection & presentations

A

Mainly respiratory and urogenital tract infections

-Occasionally conjunctivitis - arthritis - mastitis - septicemia

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16
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Reservoir

A
  • Possible normal flora of infected host
  • *Mucosal surfaces*
  • May survive in moist, cool environments
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17
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes Transmission

A

Usually *direct contact*

(respiratory or venereal secretions)

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18
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Epidemiology

A

Asymptomatic carriers

  • Dairies: mechanical
  • Poultry: vertical
  • Arthropod suspected
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19
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Pathogenesis

A

Underlying factor –>

attachment to host mucosa –>

Some survive in non-phagocytic cells or fuse with eukaryotic cell membranes –>

Latent infections

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20
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Pathogenesis

What are underlying factors for disease susceptibility?

A
  • Age
  • Crowding
  • Concurrent infections
  • Transportation stress
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21
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Latent infections -How do they evade the immune system?

A
  • Antigenic variability
  • Biological mimicry
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22
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Acute septicemic form

A

Coagulopathy & widespread vascular thrombosis (Resembles gram-neg septicemia)

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23
Q

Non-hemotrophic mollicutes

Chronic infections

A

Persists through intense inflammatory response & peroxidation

-Tissue damage

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24
Q

Mollicutes Virulence Factors

A

Peroxide/ Superoxide

Urease

Proinflammatory molecules

IgA proteases

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25
Q

Mollicutes Peroxide/Superoxide role

A

Disrupt host cell integrity

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26
Q

Mollicutes Urease role

A

Ureaplasma spp.

Inflammatory & increases pH (ammonia)

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27
Q

Mollicutes Proinflammatory molecules

A
  • Leftover/excessive antigens
  • Downregulate or “confuse” CMI & humoral system
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28
Q

Avian Mycoplasmosis 3 causative species

A

M. gallisepticum

M. synoviae

M. meleagridis

M. iowae

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29
Q

Avian Mycoplasmosis M. gallisepticum Clinical signs chickens vs. turkeys

A

Chickens: Chronic respiratory disease

Turkeys: Infectious sinusitis

Both: Decreased egg production

*House finch conjunctivitis (US)

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30
Q

Avian Mycoplasmosis

M. synoviae Clinical signs

A

Turkeys: Sternal bursitis

Synovitis (Lameness, joint swelling, reduced growth)

Subclinical airsacculitis

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31
Q

Avian Mycoplasmosis

M. meleagridis M. iowae

Mainly in turkeys- Clinical signs

A

Airsacculitis - Skeletal deformities - Growth stunting - Decreased egg hatchability

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32
Q

What disease does Mycoplasma cause in bovine?

A

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

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33
Q

What species of mycoplasma causes CBPP in bovine?

A

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

(small colony variant)

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34
Q

Describe CBPP in bovine

A

Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides

Most virulent Mycoplasma in cattle

Respiratory disease

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35
Q

CBPP respiratory signs

A

Subclinical & persistent

Sometimes acute and/or fatal presentation

Respiratory distress - Coughing - Nasal discharge - Lethargy

36
Q

CBPP key sign at necropsy

A

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia -Micro-abscesses throughout lung tissue

37
Q

What disease does this finding indicate?

A

Micro-abscesses throughout the lung

-Mycoplasma infected ruminants

38
Q

Bovine mycoplasma mastitis Causative species?

A

M. bovis

M. californicum

M. canadense

(M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium)

39
Q

What are the key signs of mycoplasma mastitis?

A

Drop in milk production (duh)

Milk= thick & mixed with watery & purulent secretions

Udder= swollen, 4 quarters affected

Enlarged supramammary lymph nodes, Dissemination possible

40
Q

What is the arrow pointing to in this picture?

A

Enlarged supra-mammary lymph nodes in cow with mastitis

41
Q

Bovine mollicute urinary tract infections

Causative species

A

Mycoplasma bovigenitalium

Ureaplasma diversum

(normal commensal organisms of lower UG tract)

42
Q

Bovine mollicute urinary tract infections

Clinical signs

A

Seminal vesiculitis in bulls

Granular vulvitis

Vaginitis - Endometritis - Abortions

43
Q

Caprine/Ovine mollicute infection

2 reportable diseases

A

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Contagious agalactia of sheep & goats

44
Q

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Causative species

A

M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae

(Similar to bovine pleuropneumonia)

45
Q

Contagious agalactia of sheep & goats

Causative species

A

M. agalactiae

M. putrefaciens

46
Q

Contagious agalactia of sheep & goats

Clinical signs

A

Febrile mastitis

Arthritis & conjunctivitis

47
Q

Sheep & Goats:

M. mycoides supsp mycoides (large colony variants)

Clinical signs

A

Mastitis - Pneumonia - Bursitis - Arthritis

Kids: rapid fatal septicemia

48
Q

Sheep & Goats

M. mycoides capri

Clinical signs

A

Pleuropneumonia

49
Q

Three causative species of Porcine mycoplasma infection

A

M. hyopneumoniae

M. hyorhinis

M. hyosynoviae

50
Q

What disease does M. hyopneumoniae cause?

A

Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia

51
Q

What is the causative species of Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia

A

M. hyopneumoniae

52
Q

Clinical signs of Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia

A

M. hyopneumoniae

Chronic respiratory disease

Chronic non-productive cough,

Unthrifty, decreased weight gain (in growers)

High morbidity, Low mortality

53
Q

What age of pigs does M. hyorhinis affect?

A

Systemic infection in pigs 3-10wks

54
Q

What are the clinical signs of M. hyorhinis?

A

**Polyserositis**

Fever, anorexia, listlessness Arthritis, lameness

55
Q

Clinical signs of a pig infected with M. hyosynoviae

A

Arthritis in growers (3-6mo) Lameness

56
Q

What mycoplasma species affect horses?

A

M. felis

M. equirhinitis

M. fastidiosum

M. equigenitalum

M. subdolum

57
Q

What mycoplasma species causes self-limitin pleuritis in horse?

A

M. felis

58
Q

What mycoplasma species cause respiratory disease in horse?

A

M. equirhinitis

M. fastidiosum

59
Q

What mycoplasma species cause infertility in mares?

A

M. equigenitalium

M. subdolum

60
Q

What mycoplasma species affect Felines

A

M. gatae

M. felis

61
Q

What does M. gatae cause in cats?

A

Arthritis

62
Q

What does M. felis cause in cats?

A

Conjuntivitis

63
Q

What mycoplasma species affect canine

A

M. canis

M. cynos

M. spumans

64
Q

What are the clinical signs of Mycoplasma canis in dogs?

A

Urogenital disease

(prostatitis, cystitis, endometritis, orchitis, epididymitis)

Infertility

65
Q

What disease do M. cynose and M. spumans cause in canines?

A

Respiratory & arthritic associations

66
Q

What species of mycoplasma affect murine (mice/rats)

A

M. pulmonis

67
Q

What does M. pulmonis cause in mice/rats?

A

Mice: Mild-moderate respiratory disease

Rats: genital tract infections

68
Q

Diagnosis of mycoplasma infection

A

Samples from affected tissues

  • Culture very difficult
  • Serological & molecular techniques more promising
69
Q

Prevention of mycoplasma infection

A

Attenuated Live Vaccines!

Diminish disease, not infection

Protect cattle in CBPP enzootic areas

Used for swine pneumonias, caprine mastitis, egg losses in avian

70
Q

Treatment of mycoplasma infection

A

Tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones

-High failure rates

71
Q

Control mycoplasma infections

A

Test & slaughter

BIOSECURITY

Most effective for control

72
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes Area of infection

A

Red blood cell parasites

73
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Clinical signs

A

Hemolytic anemia in young, immunocompromised, stressed animals

(asymptomatic / subclinical)

74
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Spread/Transmission

A

Blood-to-blood contact Ectoparasites

75
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Important species

Cats

A

M. haemofelis (Feline Infectious Anemia)

76
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Important species

Dog

A

M. haemocanis

77
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Important species

Pigs

A

M. suis

78
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Important species

Cattle

A

M. wenyonii

79
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Important species

Caprine/Ovine

A

M. ovis

80
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Important species

Mice

A

M. coccoides

M. haemomuris

81
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Clinical signs

A

Icterus

Splenomegaly

Bone marrow hyperplasia

82
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Diagnosis

A

Clinical signs

Visualize on blood film

PCR

83
Q

Hemotrophic mollicutes

Treatment

A

Correct the anemia!

Tetracyclines

84
Q

Hemotrophic mollicute

Feline infectious anemia

Causative agent

A

Mycoplasma haemofelis

85
Q

Hemotrophic mollicute

Feline infectious anemia

Disease pattern

A

Concurrent with FIV / FeLV

Free-roaming tom cats

Peracute/Acute*/Chronic

Fever, anemia weakness, jaundice

86
Q

Hemotrophic mollicute

Feline infectious anemia

Differentials

A

Autoimmune anemia

Babesia

Cytauxzoon felis

87
Q

Hemotrophic mollicute

Feline infectious anemia Treatment

A

Blood

Doxycycline

Flea control

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Negatives (26 decks)

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