Exam 1 - Name The Disease & EDx Flashcards
Equine cutaneous & subcutaneous mycosis; Nasal granulomas, Chronic Granulomatous ulcerative lesions on limbs & ventral abdomen; pruritic, mucosanguineous exudate; Kunkers
Equine Pythiosis - Pythium insidiosum - “Swamp Cancer”
Equine cutaneous & subcutaneous mycosis; Nasal granulomas, Chronic Granulomatous ulcerative lesions on limbs & ventral abdomen; pruritic, mucosanguineous exudate; Kunkers
Equine Pythiosis - Pythium insidiosum
Fungal infection of SQ tissue by dematiacious (dark pigmented) fungi, form thick wall cells “Schlerotic bodies”. Warty ulcerative nodules on feet & legs.
Chromoblastomycosis
Hyphae present, CNS involvement common, Warty ulcerative nodules on feet & legs.
Phaeohyphomycosis
SQ swellings w/draining tracts, resembles chronic non-healing abscess, Fistulous tumor development, “Triad of CS” Swelling, fistulas, granules in exudate
Eumycotic mycetomas - EDx -dont memorize
Dogs- Most virulent fungal pathogen, Often in alkaline desert soils, digging dogs v. susceptible: Dyspnea, cough, weight loss, white granumlomas. Spherules found in samples
BIOHAZARD!! Coccidioidomycosis (San Juan Valley Fever) Edx- Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii.
Dogs & cats- chronic disease, anemia, inappetance, weight loss, poor antibiotic response, Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenomegaly, ascites, granulomatous lesions. Primary site @ lungs, also to GI, spleen, liver, BM. Found in near highly nitrogenous soils with bird & bat droppings. Mississippi & Ohio River Watersheds
Histoplasmosis - EDx: Histoplasma capsulatum
Present worldwide in acidic soils, Dogs/Humans/Pronouced in Cats - Bad1 virulence factor, Cutaneous pyogranulomas, gray-yellow areas in lungs*, Signs (in most likely to least likely seen): Coughing, dyspnea, skin lesions, ocular manifestations, lameness
Blastomycosis - EDx: Blastomyces dermatidis -(In USA: Principal systemic mycoses)
Nasal cavity infection! Sneezing, hard, nodular swlling over nose, distortion of nasal cavity, CNS in dogs, Cattle seen w/mastitis maybe. Picture of cat’s face
Cryptococcosis - EDx: Cryptococcus neoformans
Dogs: Otitis externa & dermatitis!
EDx: Malassezia pachydermatis
Localized mucocutaneous disease: squamous epithelium, white-gray plaques, ulcerative with inflammation, mainly neutrophilic, rarely granulomatous. Birds most frequently
Candidiasis - EDx: Candidia albicans
Digestive tract disease of chickens & turkeys, Young chicks/poults are most susceptible, Thickened mucosa of crop with whitish, raised pseudomembranes. Listlessness and inappetance seen in animals.
“Thrush, Crop mycosis, Sour Crop” - Candidiasis in birds - EDx: Candidia albicans
Dog & Cats- Ulcerative lesions in digestive & genital tract
Candidiasis in dogs & cats
Horses & Swine - Alimentary canal, ulcerative lesions can lead to rupture, equine abortions/infertility/metritis
Candidiasis in horses & swine
Primary bronchopulmonary: dyspnea, gasping, polypnea, anorexia. Torticollis if disseminated to brain, Yellow nodules & plaques in respiratory passages, White material: yellowish nodules are characteristic
“Brooder pneumonia” Aspergillosis in birds - EDx:
Pyrexia, rapid shallow stertorous respiration, nasal discharge, moist cough. Firm, heavy & mottled lungs that do not collapse. In sub-acute to chronic forms, lungs contain multiple discrete granulomas
Mycotic pneumonia - Aspergillosis in Ruminants
6-9 month gestation abortion, fetal membranes retained, lesions on uterus, fetal membranes, fetal skin. Intercaruncular areas are grossly thickened, leathery, dark red to tan. Maternal caruncles are dark red to brown. Aborted fetus cutaneous lesions are soft, red-grey, elevated discrete foci that resemble ringworm
Bovine mycotic abortion - Aspergillosis in Ruminants
Mycotic plaques in guttural pouch, on caudodorsal aspect of medial guttural pouch, over the internal carotid artery. Signs: Epistaxis from erosion of artery wall. Spontaneous & severe hemorrhage, repeated bouts.
Guttural Pouch Mycosis - Aspergillosis in horses
Signs: lethargy, nasal pain, ulceration of nares, sneezing, unilateral or bilateral sanguinopurulent nasal discharge, frontal sinus osteomyelitis & epstaxis. Mucosa & underlying bone may be necrotic with loss of bone seen in radiographs. Disseminated in what breed?
Canine nasal Aspergillosis - Disseminated in GSD
Hyaline septate hyphae that branch dichotomously with a 45 degree angle
Aspergillus spp.
Nasal mycosis in dogs
Penicillum spp.
Mycetoma & pneumonia in dogs - Mastitis, ocular dz and abortion in horse & cattle
Pseudallescheria boydii
Mycotic bovine abortions, GI infection in ruminants, swine & dogs, hematogenous and CNS infections
Rhizopus spp. - Absidia spp. - Mucor spp. - Morteinella spp.
Aquatic protista, granulomatous mucocutaneous infections. Chronic polypous rhinitis with large sporangia horses/ cattle/ mules/ dogs/ goats/ waterfowl/ humans,
Rhinosporidium seeberi
Fungal outbreak in skin of humans & dolphins, yeast cells look related to Paracoccidioides brasilensis
Lobomycosis - Lacazia loboi
Amphibians - Skin: interferes with respiration, hydration & osmoregulation
Chydridiomycosis - EDx: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Cause of decline in hibernating bat populations
White Nose syndrome - EDx: Geomyces destructans
Dog- hemorrhagic diarrhea, CNS & eye lesions, exposure by ingestion/ percutaneously/ intramammary injections from algae lacking chlorophyll
Protothecosis
Case study - Feline granulomatous lesion, excision is treatment of choice
Sporotrichosis
Case study - No underlying disease or immunosuppression, first case where underlying cause was not obvious
Candidiasis in dog
Case study - First documented case of systemic yeast infection of a dog. Most systemic are due to C. neoformans
Systemic candidiasis from C. albidus in a dog
Case study - Horse originally treated unsuccessfully for mastitis, yeast was observed & Blastomyces cultured.
Blastomycosis in horse - Should be higher on DDx for horse mastitis & dermatitis
Case study - Horse: large mass at root of mesentery & multiple smaller mesenteric masses. Dx from gross, microscopic & immunohistochemical findings
Histoplasma in horse
Bovine: Gangrenous mastitis with sloughing, tissue necrosis, cold & blue-black utter, Brown milk,
Bovine staphylococcal mastitis - EDx: Staph. Aureus
EU, pasture fed lambs, lambs appear crippled & have suppressed immune system
Tick Pyemia - Staph. aureus infects tick bites
Poultry: Pododermatitis - lameness, foot swellings, spondylitis (sometimes)
Bumblefoot - Staph. aureus
Suppurative granulomatous condition follows castration in horse - infected stump of spermatic cord
Staphylococcal botryomycosis - Staph. aureus
Sow mastitis
Staph. aureus
Skin & ear infections (otitis) in dogs, occasional bovine mastitis, pyoderma, otitis externa, mastitis, endometritis, cystitis, osteomyelitis & wound infections
Staph. pseudointermedius
Skin infections, arthritis in pigs; skin, milk of cattle; avian arthritis
Staph. hyicus
Weaned pigs up to 3 months of age, highly contagious, Excessive sebaceous secretion, exfoliation & exudation on skin surface, nonpruritic dermatitis, die within 24-48hrs, often starts at bite wounds
Greasy pig disease - Staph. hyicus
Equine- febrile rhinopharyngitis w/abscessation of lymph nodes, guttural pouch empyema, swollen nodes, high fever, depression. Oculonasal discharge May develop purpura hemorrhagica after illness, Can complicate into abscessation of many organs- purulent mesenteric lymph nodes
Strangles - EDx: Streptococcius equi subsp equi (Turned into bastard/metastatic strangles)
Pigs: meningitis (fever, tremors, incoordination, opisthotonus, convulsions), arthritis, septicemia, bronchopneumonia of all ages, sporadic valvular endocarditis, neonatal deaths & abortions. Zoonotic! Humans with suppurative brain inflammation
Streptococcus suis infection
Pigs- submandibular lymphadenitis, Jowl Abscess
Streptococcus porcinus (DDx with mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Top three DDx for bovine clinical mastitis
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B, beta hemolytic, chronic mastitis) - Streptococcus dysgalactiae (Group C, alpha hemolytic, acute mastitis) - Streptococcus uberus (no group. alpha hemolytic)
UTI and otitis externa, might establish in patients receiving antibiotic treatment, Once classified as Group D streptococci
Enterococcus
Superficial goat form (enlarged and abscessed superficial lymph nodes) Visceral sheep form (abscesses of internal organs & lymphnodes, may not be detected ante-mortem). Both forms show onion ring appearance on cytology/ cross section of abscess; Phospholipase D (leukotoxic) aids spread.
Caseous lymphadenitis - EDx: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Marked swelling & abscesses of lymph nodes, pectoral & lower limbs; may rupture and leave ulcers. Onset slow & chronic. Hematogenous dissemination is rare. Edema in affected limbs, ulcerated nodule esuce thick, green, odorless, blood-tinged pus
Ulcerative lymphangitis “Pigeon breast” or “Pigeon fever” in horses - EDx: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Inflammation of urinary bladder of cattle, may ascend to kidneys. Kicking at abdomen, urine in blood and arched back. Pathogenesis: Pili attach to urothelium–> ureases produce ammonia–> high alklalinity in urine
Bovine cystitis & pyelonephritis - EDx: C. cystidis (more severe form), & C. renale
Swelling of prepuce & head of penis, can be enabled by High Protein Diet!, Ammonia likely initiates inflammatory process
Ulcerative enzootic balanoposthitis - “Pizzle Rot” - Sheep, sometimes goats
Case Study - MRSA in 76 yr old man, Had an 8 year old lab.
Reverse zoonosis of Staphylococcus MRSA. Becoming more common
Case Study - Caseous lymphadenitis in ruminants. Oryx: unusual localizations of abscess, flies commonly seen feeding on lesions, may have helped harbor & disseminate the infection
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis & C. renale in arabian oryx
Case Study - Etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis of small ruminents around world. Difficult to treat & eradicate, ineffective drug therapy. Discusses novel virulent factors.
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
DDx list for mastitis (as of exam 1)
Staphylococcus aureus - Streptococci agalactiae - Streptococci uberis
DDx for abortion (as of exam 1)
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
DDx for skin disease (as of exam 1)
Staph aureus (Bumble foot, staph botryomycosis) - Staph hyicus (greasy pig) - Staph intermedius (K9 pyoderma & dermatitis)
When I say caseous lymphadenitis, you say….
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
When I say Greasy Pig disease, you say
Staphylococcus hyicus
When I say gangrenous bovine mastitis, you say…
Staph. aureus!
When I say strangles, you say…
Streptococcus equi!
When I say pig meningitis, arthritis & septicemia, you say…
Streptococcus suis!
When I say yeast infection of dog ears, you say…
Malessezia spp! (likely pachydermatis)
When I say feline ringworm, you say…
Microsporum canis!
When I saw swamp cancer or Kunkers, you say…
Equine pythiosus! Pythium insidiosum
