Salivary Control Pharm Flashcards
xerostomia
mouth dryness
What types of drugs can induce xerostomia
Anti-depressants, anti-histamines, anti-psychotics, anti-HTN, anti-cholinergics, and decongestants
What are some short term causes of xerostomia
- drugs (just mentioned)
- dehydration (pretty obvious)
- anxiety
- MUMPS
Long term causes of dehydration
- drugs again
- Autoimmune diseases
- LIVER DISEASE
Consequence of xerostomia
dysphagia, difficulty speaking, oral lesions, taste alterations, halitosis (just bad breath)
SNS has what effect on salivary gland function
low volume/ high protein
Also constricts vessels of the salivary glands
This low volume/high protein response is mediated by which SNS receptor
Alpha1
Constrictin of the salivary gland vessels by the SNS is mediated by what
alpha1 and alpha 2
Parasympathetic nervous system leads to what effect on salivary flow
High volume/ low protein secretion (M3, M2) and dialates salivary gland vessels. It is important to note however that salivary vessels are not directly inervated by the PSNS so they are responding to circulating Ach and VIP.
Tx for xerostomia involves:
Muscarinic agonists, radioprotection, replacement
Cevimiline MOA
Muscarinic antagonistStimulates M3 receptors over M1s.
Adverse effects of Cevimiline>
Don’t give to glaucoma pts, Asthma (PSNS M3 contracts bronchiolar smooth muscle), Iritis
Caution with heart, lung, pregnancy
May also lower cognition
MOA of Pilocarpine
muscarinic agonist (all receptors)
Adverse effects of Pilocarpine
same as Cevimiline
What is sialorrhea?
Hypersalivation
