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Gastrointestinal > Histology- Tubular GI > Flashcards

Histology- Tubular GI Flashcards

1
Q

Four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal

A
  • Mucosa: Containing epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa
  • Submucosa: dense conn tissue
  • Muscularis Externa: smooth muscle
  • Serosa: squamous epithelium
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2
Q

Three principle functions of the mucosal layer?

A
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Protection
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3
Q

Submucosa functions

A

Blood and Lymph Vessels are here, nerve plexus, occasional glands

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4
Q

Muscularis external function

A

contractions of inner circular layer compress and mix components in the lumen, outer longitudinal layer propels food by shortening the tube. Rhythmic contractions produce peristalsis

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5
Q

What controls peristalsis

A

enteric nervous system

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6
Q

Lumen of the esophagus looks like what?

A

Highly involuted and convoluted

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7
Q

Epithelial layer of the esophageal mucosa is made up of what kinds of cells

A

SSE Nonkeratinized

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8
Q

GALT located in what layer of esophagus

A

Mucosa

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9
Q

Upper third of the muscularis externa of the esophagus is all what type of muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Middle third of esophageal muscularis externa

A

mixed skeletal and smooth

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11
Q

Lower third of esophageal muscularis externa?

A

All smooth

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12
Q

Upper and lower esophageal sphincters made up of what type of muscle

A

smooth

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13
Q

Layers in the stomach wall

A 
M/ S/ MP/S 
Mucosa 
Submucosa
Muscularis External
Serosa
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14
Q

Mucosa of the stomach has what type of epithelium>

A

Non-ciliated columnar

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15
Q

Four regions of the stomach

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Antrum
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16
Q

What is the overall function of the stomach

A

digestion…not absorption

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17
Q

Unique features of stomach epithelium?

A

Composed entirely of pale staining mucous cells called surface mucous cells.

18
Q

What are gastric pits?

A

Mucosal surface is studded with small holes, called gastric pits, where the epithelium invaginates into the lamina propria.

19
Q

What do surface mucous cells of the stomach epithelium produce

A

alkaline mucous to protect the stomach lining

20
Q

What are the five cell types within gastric glands

A
  • Mucous neck cells
  • Chief Cells
  • Parietal Cells
  • Enteroendocrine cells
  • Stem cells

MCPES

21
Q

Chief cells found where

A

Deep part of gastric gland. Appear very basophilic.

22
Q

What do chief cells secrete

A

Pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin

23
Q

Parietal cells found where>

A

most numerous in the upper part of the gland

24
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCL and intrinsic factor

25
Q

Parietal cells look like what

A

Pyramidal, red/pink on H&E

26
Q

Cell division in the stomach occurs where?

A

Isthmus

27
Q

Surface mucous cells live how long

A

3-5 days

28
Q

What is the difference between a mammillated fold and a rugae?

A

Mamillated folds are small elevations of mucosa only.

Rugae elevations contain mucosa and submucosa

29
Q

Three sections on Small bowel in order

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

30
Q

What are the 3 modifications present in the Small intestine to increase surface area?

A

1) Plicae Circularis- permanent transverse folds of the mucosa, contains a core of submucosa, Increases surface area by three fold
2) Villi- increase surface area 10 fold
3) Microvilli- increase surface area 100 fold

31
Q

Cell type in small intestine?

A

Epithelium is simple columnar and made up of 6 cell types. They are:

1) Enterocytes- primary absorptive cell, attached to neighboring cells by tight junctions, also secrete water and electroloytes
2) Goblet cells
3) Paneth Cells- found in the base of crypts, basal basophilia, intensely acidophilic granules. Secretes lysozyme, regulates gut bacteria
4) M cells: Overlie lymphatic nodules
5) enteroendocrine cells
6) Intermediate cells- stem cells

32
Q

Lamina propria in the mucosa of the small intestine is heavily infiltrated with what?

A

GALT

33
Q

Peyer’s patches best seen where?

A

Ileum

34
Q

What the fuck is a peyer’s patch

A

an aggregation of lymph nodes in the gut (ileum mostly)

35
Q

Brunner’s glands are what?

A

Glands that secrete alkaline mucous, found in the submucosa of the DUODENUM, They hypertrophy in peptic ulcer dz

36
Q

Ileum distinguished by

A

Peyer’s Patches!

37
Q

Easiest way to tell the small intestine from large?

A

Large has no villi, dawg

Large also has more goblet cells for better lubrication.

38
Q

Function of the large intestines

A

absorption of water and electrolytes and elimination of solid waste.

39
Q

What separates the large intestine from teh small

A

ileocecal valve

40
Q

Epithelium in the Large intestine is basically the same as the small. It is —– —— in type but it has no —— cells

A

simple columnar, paneth cells

Gastrointestinal (58 decks)

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