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Gastrointestinal > GI Regulation > Flashcards

GI Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four functions of the GI tract?

A

Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption

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2
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation has what effect on the gut?

A

stimulates gut motility

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3
Q

Sympathetic stimulation has what effect on the gut?

A

inhibits gut motility

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4
Q

Vagus nerve innervates what parts of the GI tract?

A

Mouth through the transverse colon

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5
Q

Vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation

A

ok

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6
Q

Pelvic nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the descending colon.

A

ok

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7
Q

What are the two layers of longitudinal muscle in the gut?

A

circular and longitudinal muscle

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8
Q

Which of these two smooth muscle layers is closest to the mucosa (inner lining of the stomach)

A

Circular

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9
Q

When circular muscle contract, the gut….

A

shortens

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10
Q

When longitudinal muscles contract, the gut…

A

lengthens

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11
Q

Vagus nerve in the GI is what percent afferent?

A

75%

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12
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

innervates muscles/ secretory systems

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13
Q

Vagal- vagal reflex

A

Both the afferent and efferent responses are vagus nerve controlled

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14
Q

Enteric nervous system…

A

Primarily made up of the elements of the two plexi (myenteric and submucosal).

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15
Q

Digestive tract is stimulated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

A

truth

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16
Q

Primary parasympathetic innervation is via what?

A

Vagus Nerve

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17
Q

Gastrin

A

17 amino acid peptide with all of its activity in the C-Terminus (four amino acids on the end- Trp, Met, Asp, Phe)

18
Q

What chemical modifications on gastrin prevent it from being degraded by the amino and carboxy peptides as it moves through the liver?

A
  • Pyroglutamate
  • NH2 group

Remember, gastrin is by the GI tract so it goes into the portal circulation which means its going to pass through the liver.

19
Q

CCK

A

Cholecystokinin

20
Q

When a hormone ends in -in, it does what

A

stimulates

21
Q

Cholecystokinin does what

A

stimulates gallbladder, stimulates pancreas, slows gastric motility, relaxes sphincter of oddi

22
Q

What happens when you de-sulfate the tyrosine residue of CCK

A

It becomes gastrin pretty much…has gastrin like activity

23
Q

What is the definition of a physiological dose of a GI hormone

A

a dose that doesn’t increase blood levels anymore than what you would see in response to a meal.

24
Q

6 sections of the GI tract according to Johnson’s hormone diagram

A
  • Fundus, Antrum, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Colon
25
Q

Gastrin secreted in what segments

A

Antrum and Duodenum mostly

26
Q

CCK secreted where?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum to an extent

27
Q

Secretin secreted where?

A

Duodenum

28
Q

GIP

A

Duodenum and Jejunum

29
Q

know the releasers slide

A

ok

30
Q

Gastrin does what

A

Acid secretion and mucosal growth

31
Q

CCK does what?

A

Pancreatic bicarb secretion, pancreatic enzyme secretion, Gallbladder contraction (major), pancreatic growth, ALSO inhibits gastric emptying (amajor)

32
Q

Secretin does what

A

Pancreatic bicarb secretion (major)
Bile bicarb secretion
Pancreatic growth
Inhibits acid secretion (probably not significantly in man)

33
Q

GIP does what?

A

Insulin release

34
Q

Motilin does what

A

Gastric motility and Intestinal motility

35
Q

What are the three neurocrines?

A
  • VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)
  • Bombesin
  • Enkephaline
36
Q

VIP does what?

A

relaxes sphincters, relaxes gut circular muscle, stimulates intestinal secretion, stimulates pancreatic secretion

37
Q

Bombesin does what?

A

Also called Gastrin releasing Peptide (GRP)

It is the vagal mediator for gastrin release

38
Q

Enkephaline does what?

A

Stimulates smooth muscle contraction and inhibits secretion

39
Q

Know somatostatin and histamine as the two paracrines

A

ok

40
Q

Pt presents with duodenal ulcer, diarrhea, and steatorrhea. What endocrine cell tumor of the GI might tey have?

A

Gastrinoma (zollinger-ellison syndrome)

41
Q

What is zollinger ellison syndrome?

A

Tumor that leads to the over production of gastrin which leads to the over production of acid

42
Q

Werner Morison Syndrome?

A

Also called pancreatic cholera
Over production of VIP
Clinically presents as diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, dehydration, hypokalemia,

Gastrointestinal (58 decks)

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