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Gastrointestinal > Helicobacter, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Anaerobes > Flashcards

Helicobacter, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

What causes ulcers (Gastric and Duodenal for the most part)

A

Helicobacter Pylori

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2
Q

How is H. Pylori spread?

A

Fecal- Oral

Passage of Gastric Juices from human to human

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3
Q

H. Pylori is thought to cause what percentage of duodenal ulcers?

A

95%

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4
Q

H Pylori is thought to cause what percentage of gastric ulcers?

A

70%…the rest from NSAID use

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5
Q

Remember that H. Pylori can predispose to cancer because of the almost constant metaplasia

A

ok

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6
Q

Name the H. Pylori virulence factors

A
  • VacA encodes “Vacuolating Cytotoxin”
  • Cag
  • Urease
  • PAI (Pathogenicity associated Island)
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7
Q

What is VacA?

A

Vacuolating cytotoxin punches holes in endosomes and lysosomes which leads to cell death.

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8
Q

What is Urease?

A

Urease is secreted by H. Pylori because it neutralizes the acidic environment of the stomach

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9
Q

What is Cag?

A

rearranges the cytoskeleton

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10
Q

What is a Pathogenicity Associated Island?

A

A PAI is a big chunk of DNA that can be inserted into the bacterial chromosome. In the case of H. Pylori it encodes a type III secretion system which can bring in things from the outside

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11
Q

What is the morphology of H. Pylori?

A

Slender gram negative rods with flagella

Microaerophillic– just want a little bit of air, almost anaerobic

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12
Q

What actually causes the ulcers in H. Pylori infection

A

Its a combination of the cell destruction from VacA, Cag, and immune response

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13
Q

Dx of H. Pylori

A
  • Endoscopy with biopsy and culture
  • Urea Breath test
  • Serology
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14
Q

What’s the most common bacterial infection in developed nations

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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15
Q

How would you come into contact with Campylobacter?

A

Undercooked poultry and unpasteurized milk, also contaminated water

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16
Q

morphology of campylobacter?

A 
Seagull shape (spiral) gram negative rods
Like H. Pylori they are also microaerophillic
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17
Q

Incubation period of camp?

A

1 week

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18
Q

Clinical presentation of camp

A
  • fever with apendicitis like pain.

- watery diarrhea that progresses to dysentery with blood and pus

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19
Q

Antecedent to Guillain Barre?

A

Remember that Guillain Barre is rising paralysis. Campylobacter is the most common antecedent to Guillian Barre. Thought to be related to lipooligosacharides from the camp mimicing myelin and the body developing an antibody to it.

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20
Q

How long does Camp usually last>

A

3-7 days

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21
Q

Vibrio looks like what?

A

Curved gram negative rods with a motile flagella

THEY ARE OXIDASE POSITIVE

22
Q

Vibrio = oysters…commonly found in warm saltwater

A

ok

23
Q

significant vibrio?

A

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio Vulnificus

24
Q

Cholera spread how

A

Contaminated water and food

25
Q

Cholera serogroups are based on what

A

O antigen

26
Q

How many serogroups of cholerae are there>

A

Over 200

27
Q

Which serogroups are responsible for epidemic and pndemic cholera

A

O1 and O139

28
Q

O1 serogroup divided into what two biotypes?

A
  • El Tor

- Classical

29
Q

20 liters a day

A

thats terrible

30
Q

Incubation period of cholera

A

2-3 days

31
Q

Remember, it takes a high infectious dose of cholerae to infect someone because the bacteria has a hard time making it through the stomach and into the lower bowel.

A

ok

32
Q

rice water stool

A

cholerae

33
Q

Virulence factors of cholerae?

A
  • PAI encoded pillus

- Phage encoded toxin (AB Toxin) remember it activates adenylate cyclase and then cAMP which opens chloride channels

34
Q

Cholerae diagnosis

A

stool culture on TCBS

35
Q

Cholerae treatment?

A

oral hydration therapy + doxycycline or erythromycin

36
Q

V. Parahaemolyticus

A
  • Free-living in sea water
  • Seafood associated food poisoning
  • most common seafood illness in japan
  • Gulf and Pacific coasts of US
  • Watery diarrhea with cramps, nausea, vomitting
37
Q

V. Vulnificus

A

Free living in sea water as well

  • raw oysters or wound infection
  • vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
  • IC pts can become septic
  • Rare but 20% fatal
38
Q

What do anaerobes lack that prevents them from being able to survive in the presence of oxygen species?

A

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase

39
Q

How do anaerobic bacteria derive their energy?

A

From carbohydrate fermentation or breaqkdown of AAs

40
Q

Most common anaerobic infection?

A

Bacterioides Fragilis

41
Q

What is the morphology of Bacterioides Fragillis?

A

Gram negative Coccobacillus

Has an antiphagocytic capsule which means it can also infect the lungs

42
Q

Prevotella Melaninogenica

A

Gram negative coccobacillus

Anti-phagocytic capsule

43
Q

Gram Positive Spore forming rods?

A

Clostridium

These are the only anaerobic spore forming bacteria

44
Q

Large Boxcar gram positive rods

A

Clostridium Perfringens

45
Q

Gas Gangrene caused by

A

Clostridium Perfringens

46
Q

How does Gas Gangrene come about

A

You get a contamination of a wound by the C Perfringens spores

47
Q

Gas comes from?

A

carbo fermentation

48
Q

C. Perfringens food poisoning

A

pretty common

49
Q

Vibrio are oxidase?

A

Oxidase Positive

50
Q

Vibrio Cholerae attach to small intestine epithelium via TCP

A

Toxin co-regulated pillus (TCP)

Gastrointestinal (58 decks)

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