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AP Psych > SAFMEDs Chapter 25: Social Behavior Our Public Selves > Flashcards

SAFMEDs Chapter 25: Social Behavior Our Public Selves Flashcards

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1
Q

Aggression

A

-hostile behavior with the intent of harming someone physically or mentally

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2
Q

Hostile aggression

A
  • based on anger

- when someone becomes upset with someone else and responds emotionally with the intent to harm the other

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3
Q

Instrumental aggression

A
  • an intent to harm another person
  • the motivation is not emotional
  • done to advance a cause or to achieve something
  • ex: hit man
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4
Q

The role of genetics in aggressiveness

A
  • the degree of aggressiveness is more similar between identical twins than between fraternal twins
  • genetic influences seem to predispose people to agressiveness or passivity
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5
Q

Disinhibition of agression

A

-turning off our normal ability to control unacceptable responses such as agression by depressing activity in the frontal lobes and impairing judgement, planning and restraint

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6
Q

The Frustration-Agression Hypothesis

A

-an organism that is prevented or inhibited from raching a goal will experience frustration and react with agression

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7
Q

Updated hypothesis

A
  • Although frustration frequently leads to agressuin it does not always lead to aggression
  • Leonard Berkowitz
  • Frustration leads to anger rather than directly to aggression
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8
Q

Social learning

A

-occurs through observing others engaging in activities

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9
Q

Albert Bandura

A

-Bobo doll experiment

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10
Q

Conflict

A

-opposing actions, ideas or goals between individuals or groups

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11
Q

Social dilemma

A

-a situation that places the desires of the individual into conflict with the good of the group

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12
Q

Tragedy of the Commons

A

-a situation in which shared resources are depleted if individuals act in their own self-interest instead of for the common good

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13
Q

Alturistic norms

A

-expectations of acting on behalf of the group rather than in self in interest are perhaps the least effective method of overcoming destructive competition and selfishness

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14
Q

Alturism

A

-the concept or practice of selfless behavior out of concern for the well-being of others

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15
Q

Social responsibility norm

A

-the expectation that people, especially those in positions of authority, help others even at a cost to themselves

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16
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

-the expectation that if an individual or group has helped you, you should help them in return

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17
Q

Muzafer Sherif

A
  • studied the conflictd beyond one’s own community
  • rivalries, opposing teams, international enemies
  • summer camp study
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18
Q

Superordinate goals

A

-challenges that would benefit both groups and that require the two groups to cooperate with one another

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19
Q

Mirror image perceptions

A

-when members of opposing groups have the same negative perceptions of each other

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20
Q

Racism

A

-the categorization of a person or group of people based on their race or ethnicity and the systematic mistreatment of people in the targeted group

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21
Q

Ingroup

A

-a group in which one identifies

22
Q

Outgroup

A

-a group with which one feels no identification

23
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

-judging other cultures based only on the values and characteristics of one’s own culture

24
Q

Stereotypes

A

-overgeneralized attitudes about a group of people

25
Q

Stereotype threat

A

-a situation in which people feel at risk of performing as their group is expected to perform

26
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

-a prediction that causes itself to become true

27
Q

Prejudice

A

-unjustified, usually negative judgements about a group of people based on their membership in the group

28
Q

Scapegoating

A

-when members of a group in power hold members of a less powerful group responsible for their problems

29
Q

Discrimination

A

-negative behavior toward members of a target group based on their race, ethnicity or other shared characteristic

30
Q

Proximity or propinquity effect

A

-how close people are physically influences whether one person likes another

31
Q

Interaction

A

-if a person interacts with you you are more likely to like them than other people in the room

32
Q

Mere exposure effect

A
  • liking someone or something occurs merely because of repeatedly seeing that person or thing
  • Robert Zajonc
33
Q

Matching

A

-many people are attracted to those whom they feel are about as physically attractive as they are

34
Q

Physical attractiveness stereotype

A

-people ascribe more positive characteristics to attractive people

35
Q

Halo effect

A

-overall positive feelings for a person or object carry over to specific qualities

36
Q

Reciprocity

A

-the feeling of being somewhat obligated to give something to someone who has given something to us

37
Q

Robert Sternberg

A

-triangular theory of love

38
Q

Triangular theory of love

A

-love has three components: intimacy, passion, commitment

39
Q

Intimacy

A
  • a feeling of closeness and attachment

- associated with privacy

40
Q

Passion

A

-sexual or romantic feelings and excitement

41
Q

Commitment

A

-a promise to sustain the relationship

42
Q

Fatuous love

A
  • whirlwind, short lived relationship

- passion and commitment

43
Q

Companionate love

A
  • deep love between long-married couples

- combine intimacy and commitment

44
Q

Consummate love

A

-intimacy, passion and commitment

45
Q

John Darley and Bibb Latane

A

-bystander effect

46
Q

Bystander effect

A

-people are less likely to help someone in need if there are other people watching the distress

47
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

-someone witnessing a problem is less likely to take action when others are present because they assume that someone else will take on the responsibility

48
Q

Bystander intervention

A

-helping in an emergency despite the presence of others

49
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

-helping others

50
Q

Alturism

A

-the desire to help another person strictly for that person’s benefit

51
Q

Social exchange theory

A

-people engage in a cost-benefit analysis and help others only when it benefits them

AP Psych (20 decks)

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