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AP Psych > SAFMEDS Chapter 14: Emotions > Flashcards

SAFMEDS Chapter 14: Emotions Flashcards

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1
Q

Emotion

A

-a complex experience that begins with a stimulus and includes physiological responses

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2
Q

Emotional expressions

A

-the outward signs of what a person is feeling

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3
Q

Psychoevolutionary theory of emotions

A
  • Plutchik
  • Identifies eight emotions that are considered primary or basic
  • fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy and trust
  • considered adaptive for both humans and nonhuman animals because they help to direct attempts to survive and adjust to changing conditions
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4
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotions

A
  • the stimulus causes subcortical brain activity in the limbic system
  • emotional feeling and physiological arousal are created at the same time
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5
Q

Schacter’s two-factor theory of emotions

A

-focuses on how people try to understand their states of arousal

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6
Q

Stanley Schacter

A
  • argued that some environmental stimulus causes physiological arousal but the arousal itself doesn’t lead directly to the emotional feeling
  • a person recognizes their aarousal state and looks to the stimulus to explain it
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7
Q

Psychological constructivism

A
  • Barrett and Russell
  • emotions are not discrete elements that can be identified in a particular part or region of the brainbut as complex perceptions constructed in the mind from the interaction of sensory imput and learned prior associations
  • identifying and labeling an emotional state in the context of wide-ranging sensations from the body and external world
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8
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

-the ability to recognize and label one’s own and others’ emotions accurately, to use emotional understanding in problem-solving and to manage and regulate emotions

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9
Q

Emotional appraisal

A

-processes by which individuals’ cognitions about events predict their emotional reactions to those events

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

-everything occurs automatically without conscious decision-making

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11
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

-arouses the body

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12
Q

Facial expressions

A
  • convey emotions

- Paul Ekman

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13
Q

Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

A
  • Ekman and Friesen
  • a tool for measuring movement of facial muscles
  • taxonomy of facial expressions
  • can identify more than 5,000 distinct facial expressions
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14
Q

Kinesics

A
  • the study of gestures and movements during communication

- certain types of movements correspond with certain emotions

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15
Q

Proxemics

A
  • the srudy of the space that people place between themselves abd other
  • Edward T Hall
  • intimate space, personal space, social space, public space
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16
Q

Paralanguage

A
  • the nonlinguistic properties of speech

- high vs deep. inflection, pace, etc.

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17
Q

Vocal pitch

A
  • based on the number of sound wave vibrations per second

- can reflect changes in emotions

18
Q

Speech rate

A
  • can indicate anger, excitement, frustration, boredom, etc

- the rate at which one speaks

19
Q

Health psychology

A
  • a subfield in psychology
  • uses psychological and behavioral principles to study health, illness and healthcare
  • includes stress and coping
20
Q

Stress

A

-a mental and physical condition that occurs when a person encounters some demand or expectation and must adjust or adapt to the environment

21
Q

Distress

A

-negative form of stress

22
Q

Eustress

A
  • positive form of stress
  • positive motivating force
  • pushes people to achieve and accomplish their daily and life goals
  • exercise and travel
23
Q

Stressor

A
  • a condition or event in the environment that challenges or threatens a person
  • daily hassles, relationship troubles, financial problems
24
Q

Frustrations

A
  • low intensity stressors

- having difficulty opening a jar

25
Q

External frustration

A
  • a negative emotional state when outside or environmental factors prevent a person from reaching a goal
  • lacking the money to pay for a doctor
26
Q

Escape

A
  • physically removing oneself from the source of frustration
  • psychologically escaping
  • dropping out of school
  • tuning out
  • becoming apathetic
  • mood altering behaviors
27
Q

Mood altering behaviors

A 
-a form of escape
using drugs or alcohol to numb feelings
-taking on excessive work
-overexercising
-allow for the appearance of productivity but mask the emotional experiences arising from the stress
28
Q

Learned helplessness

A
  • Martin Seligman
  • when events appear to be uncontrollable people come to believe they cannot overcome the obstacles that stand between them and their goals no matter how hard they try
  • people may become passive and withdrawn and in some cases depressed
29
Q

Hans Selye

A

-proposed the general adaptation syndrome

30
Q

General adaptation syndrome

A
  • Hans Selye
  • three stage process that people go through in response to stressors
  • Alarm: the person appraises the stressors and mobilizes resources to cope
  • Resistance: a person tries to cope with the stressors
  • Exhaustion: energy is depleted, the body shuts down, th person no longer has the energy to cope
31
Q

Burnout

A
  • long term repeated exposure to stressors
  • physical, mental, and/or emotional exhaustion
  • common in helping professions
  • the person feels “used up” and apathetic toward work
  • very little sense of personal accomplishment
32
Q

Stress reaction

A
  • the arousal of the autonomic nervous system that occurs in response to the stressor
  • leads to fight or flight
33
Q

Fight or flight

A

-occurs when a person encounters something dangerous or life threatening and respond physiologically in a way that prepares them to fight or flee

34
Q

Albert Ellis

A
  • argued that when people create an unrealistic view of the world based on irrational thinking stressors seem more sever and harder to manage
  • “awfulizing”
35
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A
  • controlling or replacing the negative emotional responses to the stressor
  • I can stay calm even though I’m upset
36
Q

Problem-focused coping

A
  • managing or fixing the distressing situation

- taking a new route when the street is blocked off

37
Q

Appraisal-focused coping

A
  • attempts to reframe strssors
  • changing one’s perceptions and assumptions about the stressors
  • silver lining
  • putting a positive spin on
38
Q

Type A personality

A
  • greater risk of heart disease
  • competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally agressive, easily angered
  • high levels of tension
  • difficulty waiting for appointments
  • pushed by deadlines and hate delays
39
Q

Type B personality

A
  • easygoing and relaxed
  • very “chill”
  • lower stress levels
  • enjoy games
  • comfortable having experiences without focusing on winning
40
Q

Lifestyle diseases

A
  • diseases relatd to or caused by health-damaging personal habits
  • obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease
  • diseases related to smoking, alcohol abuse and drug abuse
41
Q

Guided imagery

A

-visualize images that are calming, relaxing, or beneificial in other ways

42
Q

Stress inoculation

A

-using positive coping strategies to control fear and anxiety

AP Psych (20 decks)

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