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AP Psych > SAFMEDs Chapter 22: Treatment Approaches and Modes > Flashcards

SAFMEDs Chapter 22: Treatment Approaches and Modes Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychotherapy

A

-the treatment of mental health problems through interaction between trained psychologists and those seeking help

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2
Q

Eclectic approach

A
  • takes ideas from a variety of approaches to best serve the client
  • includes both psychological and biomedical models
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3
Q

Psychological approach

A
  • separated into four categories that are based on the main theories for the causes of mental illness
  • psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive
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4
Q

Insight therapies

A
  • psychodynamic and humanistic therapies
  • central goal is to help the patients or clients gain insight into the undelrying causes of their mental distress or illness and use that insight and improved self-awareness to resolve psychological problems
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5
Q

Psychodynamic approach

A

-aims to help patients gain insight into these underlying causes by tapping into the unconscious

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6
Q

Psychoanalysis

A
  • the original psychodynamic approach
  • Freud
  • goal to create a trusting environment so that apatient would more easily reveal repressed unconscious conflicts causing emptional turmoil
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7
Q

Neurosis

A

-mental problems in one’s conscious life stem from long repressed childhood memories, trauma, feelings or libidinal urges involving the id

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8
Q

Free association

A
  • used to help reveal inner conflicts on the unconscious
  • the patient is encouraged to say whatever comes to mind
  • trust in the psychoanalyst increases and the ego’s guard lowers to reveal the unconscious
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9
Q

Dream analysis

A
  • aspect of dream analysis
  • freud
  • reporting manifest content to determine its latent meaning and provide insight for the patient into the unconscious roots of problems
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10
Q

Manifest content

A
  • what is consciously remebered in a dream

- symbolic representations of unconscious forces, urges, or conflicts

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11
Q

Latent content

A

-unconscious forces, urges or conflicts

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12
Q

Therapeutic rapport

A

-a trusting relationship with the therapist

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13
Q

Resistance

A

-the unwillingness of the patient to reveal anxiety-provoking conflicts hidden in the unconscious

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14
Q

Transference

A
  • natural consequence of the therapeutic relationship
  • when the patientt transfers his or her emotional issues unconsciously onto the therapist and develops strong positive or negative feelings for the therapist
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15
Q

Countertransference

A

-the therapist experiences an unconscious emotional response to the patient as a result of the therapeutic process

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16
Q

Catharsis

A

-the intense emotional release a person can experience in therap

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17
Q

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

A
  • focus on helping the client improve existing relationships rather than delving into deep-seated trauma from early childhood
  • primarily focuses on depression
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18
Q

Object relations therapy

A
  • based on the social psychoanalytic perspective
  • the belief that social relationships in early childhood lie at the heart of mental problems in adulthood
  • the object- significant person in the client’s life and the emotional problems stemming from that relationsip
  • intense and nurting relationship between therapist and client
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19
Q

Humanistic perspective

A
  • sees humans as fundamentally good

- central goal is to help people accept themselves through self awareness and self fullfillment

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20
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • Person centered or rogerian therapy
  • humanistic
  • believed a person’s psychologically troubled self was caused by the divergence of the real self from the ideal self
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21
Q

Person-centered therapy

A
  • the therapist honors the inherent human potential of the client by acting as a nonjudgemental facilitator of the therapeutic process
  • therapist does not give advice or interpret the meanings of the client’s thoughts or behaviors
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22
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A
  • reinforcing clients that have value without conditions fbut for who they really are
  • nondirective
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23
Q

Nondirective

A

-allowing the client to steer the direction of therapy

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24
Q

Empathy

A
  • the deepest level of understanding

- the ability to truly see, feel and understand what the client is experiencing

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25
Q

Congruence

A

-the therapist’s willingness to foster an honest and open relationship with the person

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26
Q

Active listening

A
  • reflection

- empathetically listening to the client and paraphrasing what the clients says

27
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

-the ability to perceive that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

28
Q

Empty-chair technique

A
  • gestalt therapy

- have the client engage in a dialog with a feel they are experiencing or with an aspect of their personality

29
Q

Exaggeration

A

-the client is encouraged to dramatically exaggerate a specific feeling or nonverbal gesture or movement to become better aware of the feelings or emotions behind it

30
Q

Action therapies

A

-focus on providing practical solutions and teaching coping skills to help resolve psychological problems

31
Q

Behavioral therapy

A

-uses classical conditioning or operant conditioning to help clients unlearn maladaptive behaviors and replace them with healthier ones

32
Q

Virtual reality graded exposure

A
  • systematic densensitization

- the client wears virtual reality goggles that provide a visual experience of the feared object or situation

33
Q

Flooding

A

=the client is fully exposed to the anxiety-inducing stimulus in a harmless and controlled situation from which they cannot escape

34
Q

Aversion therapy

A

-a form of behavioral therapy in which an unwanted behavior is associated with a stimulus to which the client has a great aversion

35
Q

Antidepressant drugs

A

-elevate mood by affecting neurotransmitters such as serotonin that are linked to depression

36
Q

Exposure therapies

A

-behavior therapies that use classical conditioning to reduce anxiety

37
Q

Mary Cover Jones

A
  • the mother of behavioral therapy
  • developed the earliest for of exposure therapy in 1924
  • desensitization
38
Q

Joseph Wolpe

A

-developed an exposure therapy for reducing anxiety called systematic desensitization

39
Q

Extinction

A

-occurs when ethical punishment is effective and the undesirable behavior will be replaced by a more appropriate one

40
Q

Token economy systems

A

-Tokens are earned for desired behaviors and exchanged for rewards

41
Q

Modeling

A

-the therapist demonstrates the desired behavior to help clients learn the behavior themselves

42
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A
  • approach psychological problems based on the assumption that cognition leads to emotional responses and behavior
  • psychological problems are caused by maladaptive, illogical thinking
43
Q

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy

A
  • Albert Ellis
  • based on the belief that the reason behind most psychological problems was irrational thoughts
  • the therapist should be more of a teacher challenging the client’s irrational thoughts in a straightforward, impersonal way
44
Q

Awfulizing

A
  • Albert Ellis

- the tendency to irrationally esaggerate a situation or event

45
Q

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A
  • the symptoms of depression grew as result of cognitive dysfunctions
  • introduced as an effective way for treating depression by helping the client recognize dysfunctional cognitive distortions
46
Q

Cognitive triad

A
  • negativ thoughts about self
  • negative thoughts about the world
  • negative thoughts about the future
47
Q

Cognitive distortions

A
  • errors in logic

- catastrophizing, all-or-none thinking, personalization

48
Q

Modes of therapy

A

-ways to deliver therapeutic approaches

49
Q

Group therapy

A

-a small group with similar problems come together under the direction or facilitation of a trained therapist or counselor to discuss their psychological issues

50
Q

Self-help groups

A

-share a common goal of providing support in each person’s road to healing. Oftentimes a facilitator organizes the meetings but there is no psychotherapist to direct the process of the group

51
Q

Family therapy

A

-used to help each member understand that the family works as an interrelated system of relationships and then to identify the dysfunctional aspects of those relationship dynamics and replace them with healthier relationship skills

52
Q

Couples/marriage counseling

A

-focuses on improving the communication between couples to improve their relationship

53
Q

Transactional analysis (TA)

A
  • based on the theory that each adult operates from three possible ego stages
  • parent, adult, child
  • goal is to help a couple improve their relationship by understanding how the three ego states present themselves through communication
54
Q

Meta-analysis

A

-multiple studies are statistically analyzed to determine a common result

55
Q

Therapeutic alliance

A

-a caring and empathetic relationship between client and therapist

56
Q

Postive expectations

A
  • the client believes the therapeutic proces will result in positive outcomes
  • client and therapist agree on goals and steps to achieve them
57
Q

Specific action plan

A

-clients form a sense of self efficacy based on the new coping behaviors formed during a prescribed plan of action

58
Q

Biomedical approach

A
  • psychologists who are inclined to view biological abnormalities as the cause of mental illness
  • the use of pharmaceutical medications to treat psychological disorders ideally used in combination with psychotherapy
59
Q

Psychotropic

A

-medications used to treat psychological disorders

60
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

-the study of how drugs affect the mind and behavior

61
Q

Antianxiety drugs

A
  • anxiolytic drugs

- reduce symptoms related to anxiety

62
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • tranquilizing drugs that depress the central nervous system
  • increase the effects of GABA
  • Xanax, lorazepam, valium
63
Q

Gamma-aminobutryric acid (GABA)

A
  • brain chemical
  • depresses neural activity in the brain
  • effects increased by benzodiazepines
64
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

A
  • prozac, zoloft, lexapro
  • long term anxiety treatment
  • antidepressant drugs

AP Psych (20 decks)

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