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AP Psych > SAFMEDs Chapter 20: Theories and Diagnosis of Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

SAFMEDs Chapter 20: Theories and Diagnosis of Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopathology

A

-the scientific study of mental disorders and different types of maladaptive behaviors associated with various disorders

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2
Q

Abnormal psychology

A

-dedicated to the study and treatment of psychological disorders or mental illness

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3
Q

Maladaptive behavior

A
  • behavior that causes harm by making it difficult to fulfill the normal functions of everday life
  • difficulty maintaining close relationships
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4
Q

Personal distress

A
  • a person’s individual perception of his or her own emotional distress
  • person reports feeling pain and discomfort associated with the abnormality
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5
Q

Atypical behavior

A

-Behavior that deviates from what is considered socially or culturally normal

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6
Q

Violation of cultural norms

A

-behavior that deviates from what is considered socially or culturally normal to the point where it is unacceptable and intolerable

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7
Q

Insanity

A
  • legal term
  • not a mental health or psychological term
  • the inability to know right from wrong
  • determines whether an individual is to be held accountable or liable for criminal behavior
  • the inability to control one’s actions during a criminal event
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8
Q

Mental incompetence

A

-a legal term applied when criminal suspects are deemed mentally ill and unable to understand the criminal proceedings or aid in their own defense

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9
Q

Psychosis

A

-a mental disorder so severe a person loses touch with reality

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10
Q

American Psychiatric Association (APA)

A

-an organization of psychiatrists working together to ensure humane care and effective treatment for all persons with mental illness

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11
Q

Psychological disorder

A

-a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning

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12
Q

Mental disorder

A

-a dysfunctional and maladaptive pattern of behavior

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13
Q

Demonology

A
  • an approach in which holes are drilled into a living person’s skull to release demonic spirits thought to be causing the person’s disordered behaviors
  • trephining- skull hole drilling
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14
Q

Hippocrates

A
  • the father of medicine
  • stuggested mental illness stemed from an imbalance of the four humors
  • laid the intellectual groundwork for the idea that psychological disorders arose from physical sources
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15
Q

Four humors

A
  • hippocrates
  • imbalance of bodily fluids leads to mental illness
  • Melancholic: black bile
  • Phlegmatic: phlegm
  • Choleric: yellow bile
  • Sanguine: blood
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16
Q

Lobotomy

A

-a surgical procedure to damage or remove the frontal lobe

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17
Q

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual or Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

A

-manual used as the source of criteria for defining psychological disorders

18
Q

Etiology

A

-the causes of psychological disorders

19
Q

Eclectic

A

-a combination of established approaches to diagnose and treat individuals with psychological disorders

20
Q

Medical model

A
  • biological approach
  • psychological disorders have a biological cause
  • predominant model
21
Q

Psychological models

A
  • incorporate a number of different approaches to explain psychological disorders
  • psychodynamic, psychosocial, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic models
22
Q

Psychodynamic model

A
  • freudian
  • all psychological problems or disorders stem from repressing past trauma, memories or thoughts in the unconscious mind to avoid anxiety
23
Q

Behavioral model

A

-all behavior whether adaptive or maladaptive is learned

24
Q

Cognitive model

A

-psychological disorders are illogical, irrational or maladaptive thought processes

25
Q

Humanistic model

A

-mental illness stems from issues involving low self esteem, poor self concent and the feelings and maladaptive behaviors that result from the inability to be one’s authentic self

26
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

-recognizes a combination of biological and environmental causes of psychological disorders

27
Q

Diathesis

A

-the predisposition of biologically based vulnerability to a particular mental illness

28
Q

Stressors

A

-environmental events that can trigger the onset of a biologically based disorder

29
Q

Sociocultural model

A

-emphasizes social and cultural influences in the individual’s environment

30
Q

Cultural syndromes

A

-categories of similar symptoms and explanations of causes that occur in a culturally-specific context and are recognized within the culture

31
Q

Cultural idioms of distress

A

-expressions of distress that do not necessarily involve specific symptoms or disorders but provide shared ways of experiencing and expressing personal and social concerns within a culture

32
Q

Taijin kyofusho

A
  • social anxiety disorder specific to japam

- a man or woman experiences intense fear that his or her body will embarrass others

33
Q

Susto

A
  • specific to Latin America
  • severe anxiety along with physical symptoms
  • caused by a religious-magic traumatic event that separates the soul from the body
  • apathy, insomnia, irritability and diarrhea
34
Q

Amok

A

-southeast asia

35
Q

Hwabyeong

A
  • specific to the korean peninsula

- overwhelming feeling of anger related to perceived unfairness

36
Q

Culutral relativism

A

-a concept that explains the intersection between psychopathology and culture

37
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A
  • an integrated model that combines the biological, psychological and sociocultural models
  • believed by most professionals to be a more thorough approach to use when treating psychological disorders
38
Q

Prevalence

A

-the proportion of a specific population that is estimated to have a certain condition within a given year

39
Q

Any mental illness (AMI)

A

-mental, behavioral or emotional disorders diagnosed according to specific DSM-5 criteria

40
Q

Serious mental illness (SMI)

A

-mental, behavior or emotional disorders defined above but that result in serious functional impairment that substantially interferes with major life activities

41
Q

Lifetime prevalence

A

-the percentage of the population that at some point in their lives will have experienced the condition

42
Q

David Rosenhan

A

-pseudopatients

AP Psych (20 decks)

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