Chapter 16 Adolescence through Adulthood

Question 1

Gerontology

Answer 1

-the study of adulthood and aging

Question 2

Puberty

Answer 2

-a period where preteens/teens reach physical and sexual maturity and acquire the ability to reproduce

Question 3

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 3

Males-testes

Females-ovaries

Question 4

Menarche

Answer 4

-first menstural period

Question 5

Spermarche

Answer 5

-first ejaculatory experience

Question 6

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 6

• not directly associated with reproduction

- hair and breat develoment

Question 7

Androgens

Answer 7

• male hormones

- testosterone

Question 8

Estrogen and progesterone

Answer 8

-female hormones

Question 9

Adolescent egocentrism

Answer 9

-teens often believe that their experiences are unique and cannot be related to

Question 10

Personal fables

Answer 10

-idealized and special stories of teens’ lives that make them feel invicible

Question 11

Imaginary audience

Answer 11

0teens imagine an audience that listens enthusiastically to their ideas and beliefs

Question 12

Cyberbullying

Answer 12

-anonymous bullies harshly shame other people online

Question 13

Rite of passage

Answer 13

• indicates a transition into a new stage of life

- graducation, christening, bar/bat mitzvah etc.

Question 14

Emerging adulthood

Answer 14

-transition period between childhood to adulthood usually ending an young adults go into their twenties

Question 15

Erik Erikson

Answer 15

-identified adolescence as a period of psychosocial crisis between identity and role confusion

Question 16

Identity diffusion

Answer 16

• no sense of having choices

- he or she has not yet made (nor is attempting/willing to make) a commitment

Question 17

James Marcia

Answer 17

• built on Erikson’s work

- stages of forming an identity

Question 18

Identity Foreclosure

Answer 18

• willing to commit to some relevant roles, values, or goals for the future.
• no identity crisis.
• conform to the expectations of others regarding their future

Question 19

Identity Moratorium

Answer 19

• In crisis
• exploring choices
• has not made a commitment to these choices

Question 20

Identity achievement/formation

Answer 20

• Completed identity crisis

- committed to identity/value

Question 21

Gender identity

Answer 21

-an individual’s internalized belief about being male or female

Question 22

gender roles

Answer 22

-behaviors, traits and attitudes associated with males and females

Question 23

Gender typing

Answer 23

• chrildren learning the expected roles for boys and girls

- ex: baby showers and color coordinated gifts

Question 24

Social learning theory

Answer 24

-gender role behavior is developed throught the observation of others and through rewards and punishments

Question 25

Sex

Answer 25

-the physical and biological differences betwens males and females

Question 26

Transgendered

Answer 26

-those who’s gender identity differs from their biological sex

Question 27

Sexual orientation

Answer 27

-one’s attraction to sexual partners

Question 28

Heterosexual

Answer 28

-one’s attraction to the opposite sex

Question 29

Homosexual

Answer 29

-attracted to the same sex

Question 30

Bisexual

Answer 30

-attracted to both males and females

Question 31

Asexual

Answer 31

-does not experience sexual attraction

Question 32

Social clocks

Answer 32

-cultural timetables for when milestone events should occur

Question 33

Midlife crisis

Answer 33

-an emotional or identity-questioning crisis occuring in early middle age

Question 34

Formal operational stage

Answer 34

-when children can think abstractly and in three dimensions

Question 35

Critical period

Answer 35

-the ideal time for someone to acquire a skill, cannot be achieved if not reached by this time in some cases

Question 36

Neural pruning

Answer 36

-the process of removing neurons that are no longer necessary

Question 37

Neural networks

Answer 37

• those that are well developed and useful are preserved

- those that are unused die

Question 38

Gray matter

Answer 38

• increases during teenage years and young adulthood

- contains the nervous system cells important for sensory and muscle control and for decision making and self control

Question 39

Frontal lobe

Answer 39

-executive control center of the brain

Question 40

Limbic system

Answer 40

-emotional center of the brain

Question 41

Fluid intelligence

Answer 41

• the ability to solve problems, see relationships and think abstractly
• declines after middle age

Question 42

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 42

-an individual’s accumulated over time

Question 43

Neurocognitive disorders

Answer 43

-can lead to a decline in cognition from 65-70

Question 44

Dementia

Answer 44

-thinking, memory and behavior begin to deteriorate

Question 45

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 45

-a degenerative disease in which memory loss is progressive

Question 46

Acetycholine

Answer 46

-lower levels are associated with alzheimer’s

Question 47

terminal drop

Answer 47

-rapid decline of cognitive abilities in weeks or months prior to death

Question 48

flynn effect

Answer 48

• the tendency of IQ scores to change over time, and specifically, the apparent increase in intelligence in the general population evidenced by a steady increase in IQ scores

Question 49

cross-sectional studiea

Answer 49

-measure intelligence across age groups

Question 50

longitudinal studies

Answer 50

-long term studies