SAFMEDs Chapter 21: Types of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Answer 1

• published by WHO
• classifies an extensive range of medical conditions
• includes a comprehensive classification system for mental disorders

Question 2

Comorbidity

Answer 2

-the presence of two or more disorders at the same time

Question 3

Intellectual functioning

Answer 3

-refers to learning ability, problem-solving, reasoning

Question 4

Adaptive behavior

Answer 4

• refers to social, practical, and conceptual skills
• the ability to follow rules and/or avoid being victimized (social), upkeep of personal hygiene, use of money or a telephone, ability to apply literacy, number concepts and self direction

Question 5

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 5

-a developmental disorder that centers on repetitive behaviors and impairmentts pf social communication and interaction

Question 6

Austim

Answer 6

• impairment of social and emotinal interaction
• impairment of understanding and using nonverbal communication
• impairment of development and/or maintenance of social relationships

Question 7

ADHD

Answer 7

-a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent inattention and/or persistant display of impulsive behavior that interferes with basic functioning anf devlopment

Question 8

Anxiety

Answer 8

-a feeling of unease, fear or worry that something bad is about to happen

Question 9

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 9

• prolonged feelings of unspecified worry or unease that disrupts an individual’s daily life
• six months or longer

Question 10

Panic disorder

Answer 10

-an acute, or sudden and severe, feeling of extreme anxiety or fear that something terrible will happen at any minute

Question 11

Derealization

Answer 11

-a feeling of unreality

Question 12

Depersonalization

Answer 12

-a feeling of being detached from oneself

Question 13

Specific phobia disorder

Answer 13

-an anxiety disorder encompasing an overhwelming, unreasonable and persistent sense of fear of a phobic stimulus

Question 14

Agoraphobia

Answer 14

-a fear of open, crowded or enclosed spaces

Question 15

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 15

-causes some people to become overwhelemed with anxiety and fear when in social situations

Question 16

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 16

-repetitive thoughts and distress that lead to compulsive behaviors

Question 17

Hoarding disorder

Answer 17

-the inability to throw anything away

Question 18

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 18

-an obsessive preoccupation with one’s physical appearance

Question 19

Acute Stress Disorder

Answer 19

• symptoms develop shortly after people witness a traumatic event
• uncontrollable flashbacks, hypervigilance, trouble processing

Question 20

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 20

-when ASD symptoms persist for more than a month or develop six or more months after a traumatic event

Question 21

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 21

-the inability to rember the parts of the past as a result of trauma

Question 22

Localized amnesia

Answer 22

-the inability to remeber events during a specific stretch of time

Question 23

Selective amnesia

Answer 23

-the loss of only certain specific memories

Question 24

Generalized amnesia

Answer 24

-the total loss of memory of one’s life including learned skills and acquired knowledge

Question 25

Fugue

Answer 25

-the complete loss of awareness of one’s identity and the assumption or development of another identity

Question 26

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 26

• the presence of at least two distinct alters

- impaired memory

Question 27

Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 27

• characterized by extreme anxiety about physical symptoms that are interpreted as evidence of illness
• thinking chest pain from heartburn is a heart attack

Question 28

Illness anxiety disorder (IAD)

Answer 28

• sever obsession with having or getting a serious illness despite no indication of illness following a medical exam
• care seeking type vs care avoidant type

Question 29

Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

Answer 29

• conversion of extreme anxiety into a physical disorder

- physical symptoms are real but no medical cause can be identified

Question 30

Facitious disorder

Answer 30

• falsely reporting symptoms
• exaggerating symptoms
• deliberately creating symptoms

Question 31

Facitious disorder imposed on another

Answer 31

• Munchausen syndrome by proxy
• the deliberate falsification of physical or psychological symptoms or actually inducing there symptoms in someone else to gain attention and sympathy

Question 32

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 32

• distorted perception of one’s weight or body shape

- persistent restriction of caloric intake leading to extreme weight loss and damage to physical health

Question 33

Body dysmorphia

Answer 33

-cognitive misperception of being overweight despite evidence to the contrary

Question 34

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 34

-binging and purging

Question 35

Awfulizing

Answer 35

-cognitive perceptions that things are much worse than they really are

Question 36

Bulimic cycle

Answer 36

• strict dieting –> diet slips in stressful event –> binge eating triggered –> purging to avoid weight gain –> feelings of shame and disgust –> repeat

Question 37

Psychosis

Answer 37

-any disorder in which the affected person has lost contact with reality

Question 38

Positive symptoms

Answer 38

-additional symptoms in relation to normal behavior

Question 39

Negative symptoms

Answer 39

-marked decrease of normal functions

Question 40

Delusions

Answer 40

-the persistence of false beliefs

Question 41

Hallucinations

Answer 41

-sensory experiences without any liexternal sensory stimu

Question 42

Disorganized speech

Answer 42

-combining thoughts or switching from one thought to another