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z:Physl 210A/B > RS Lec 6 > Flashcards

RS Lec 6 Flashcards

1
Q

O2 in blood forms

A
  • dissolved (2%)

- combined with hemoglobin (98%)

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2
Q

dissolved O2 proportional to (2)

A

PO2

solubility

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3
Q

98% (197 ml/L) of O2 carried on

A

hemoglobin in red blood cells

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4
Q

hemoglobin made of

A
  • globins: 4 subunits (a.a) - 2 alpha/ 2 beta

- 4 heme groups

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5
Q

heme (def.)

A

porphyrin ring structure that has Fe2+ that O2 binds

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6
Q

each HB molecule can bind

A

4 O2- one per subunit (O2 + Hb HbO2)

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7
Q

Hb

A

deoxyhemoglobin

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8
Q

HbO2

A

oxyhemoglobin

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9
Q

O2 capacity

A

max amount of O2 that is combined with Hb

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10
Q

1 g Hb combines with (amount of O2)

A

1.39 ml O2

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11
Q

normal conditions (g Hb/ 100 ml blood)

A

15g Hb/100 ml

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12
Q

max O2 capacity (g Hb/100 ml)

A

20.8 ml O2/100 ml blood

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13
Q

Hb saturation

A
  • percentage of available Hb binding sites that have O2 attached
  • O2 with Hb/ O2 capacity x 100%
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14
Q

Hb saturation of arterial blood (100 mmHg PO2)

A

97.5%

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15
Q

Hb saturation of mixed venous blood (40 mmHg PO2)

A

75%

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16
Q

factors that determine Hb saturation

A
  • arterial PO2 (most important)

- cooperative binding (sigmoidal dissociation curve)

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17
Q

dissociation curve sensitive to

A
  • pH
  • pCO2
  • temp.
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18
Q

cooperative binding

A

O2 binding causes change from T (tense) to R (relaxed) state in a globin, facilitates change in other globin and additional O2 binding

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19
Q

plateau in dissociation curve

A

60-100 mmHg

20
Q

plateau in dissociation curve can indicate

A

reduced arterial PO2 (therefore reduced alveolar PO2

21
Q

plateau in dissociation curve (saturation drop)

A

10 % over 100 to 60 mmHg of PO2

22
Q

steep portion in dissociation curve

A

40 - 60 mmHg

23
Q

steep portion in dissociation curve unload

A

large amounts of oxygen with small decrease in PO2

24
Q

steep portion in dissociation curve changes leads to

A

changes in O2 unloading by the binding of compounds produced in peripheral tissue

25
Q

increases metabolic rate facilitates

A

diffusion from plasma leading to a drop in plasma PO2

26
Q

anemia

A

reduction in Hb amount in blood

27
Q

polycythemia

A

increase of Hb amount in blood or reduction of blood volume that increases Hb concentration

28
Q

carbon monoxide affinity for Hb compared to O2

29
Q

carbon monoxide effects on HB

A
  • reduction in O2-Hb binding
  • shift to the left in curve (no sigmoidal curve).
  • decrease of unloading of O2 to tissue
30
Q

pH changes effects on curve

A

increase pH=shift to left

31
Q

temp changes effects on curve

A

increase temp=shift to right

32
Q

PCO2 changes effects on curve

A

increase PCO2=shift to right

33
Q

DPG (2,3 diphosphoglycerate) is

A

an end product of RBC metabolism

34
Q

DPG changes effects on curve

A

shift to right

35
Q

changes to the right (on the curve)

A

O2 affinity of Hb is reduced = more unloading

36
Q

changes to the left (on the curve)

A

O2 affinity of Hb is increased = less unloading

37
Q

3 forms that carbon dioxide exist in the blood

A
  • dissolved (5%)
  • HCO3- (60-65%)
  • carbamino compounds (25-30%)
38
Q

CO2 solubility is high

A
  • 0.067 ml CO2/100 ml blood (each mmHg)

- @ 40 mmHg 2.68 ml CO2/ 100 ml blood

39
Q

CO2 and Hb (affinity)

A

deoxyHb has higher affinity or CO2 compared to OxyHb

40
Q

Hb buffers pH of blood

A

H+bounded to Hb and not dissolved in RBC/plasma

-deoxyHb has a higher affinity for H+ compared to OxyHb

41
Q

Hypoventilation (CO2 production > CO2 elimination)

A

PCO2/H+ increase

42
Q

Hyperventilation (CO2 production < CO2 elimination)

A

PCO2/ H+ decrease

43
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

increase in blood H+ concentration dependent on changes in PCO2

44
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

increase in blood H+ concentration independent on changes in PCO2

45
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

decrease in blood H+ concentration dependent on changes in PCO2

46
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A

decrease in blood H+ concentration independent on changes in PCO2

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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