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z:Physl 210A/B > RS Lec 3 > Flashcards

RS Lec 3 Flashcards

1
Q

static properties of lungs (def.)

A

-mechanical properties when no air is flowing (needed to maintain lung + chest wall @ certain volume)

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2
Q

things that make up static properties of lung

A
  • intrapleural pressure (Pip)
  • transpulmonary pressure (Ptp)
  • static compliance of lung
  • surface tension of the lung
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3
Q

dynamic properties of lungs (def.)

A

-mechanical properties when the lungs are changing volume and air is flowing in and out (necessary to permit airflow)

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4
Q

things that make up dynamic properties of lung

A
  • alveolar pressure (Palv)
  • dynamic lung compliance
  • airway +tissue resistance
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5
Q

boyle law

A

-fixed amount of air at constant temp – pressure is inversely proportional to V

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6
Q

↓V leads to ↑ Palv=

A

expiration

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7
Q

↑V leads to ↓ Palv=

A

inspiration

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8
Q

difference is pressure generated …

A

air moves via bulk flow from high pressure to low pressure

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9
Q

Palv < Patm

A

inspiration (increase in thoracic volume)

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10
Q

Palv > Patm

A

expiration (decrease in thoracic volume)

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11
Q

Bulk flow (F)

A

-F= (Palv- Patm)/R

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12
Q

lung pressures that affect INS, EXP

A
  • intrapleural pressure (Pip)
  • alveolar pressure (Palv)
  • transpulmonary pressure (Ptp)
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13
Q

pleurae (def.)

A

-thin double-layered envelope between intrapleural fluid

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14
Q

visceral pleura (def.)

A

-covers external surface of lung

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15
Q

parietal pleura (def.)

A

-covers thoracic wall + superior face of diaphragm

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16
Q

intrapleural fluid (10 ml) reduces

A

-friction of lungs during breathing (thin space- 5 to 35 um)

17
Q

lung volume determined by interaction between…

A
  • lung + thoracic cage via intrapleural space
18
Q

tendency of lungs

A

collapse due to elastic recoil

19
Q

tendency of chest wall

A

-outward due to elastic recoil

20
Q

at equilibrium (tendency of lungs/chest wall)

A

-inward elastic recoil (lungs) balances outward recoil (chest)

21
Q

Intrapleural pressure (Pip) (3)

A
  • pressure within pleural cavity
  • changes with breathing but always subatmospheric due to opposite recoil
  • relative vacuum
22
Q

if Pip = Palv

A

-lungs would collaspe

23
Q

alveolar pressure (Palv) (3)

A
  • pressure of air inside the alveoli, dynamic element in producing airflow
  • when airways are open Patm = Palv
24
Q

difference between alveolar pressure + atmospheric pressure

A

-controls gas-exchange between lungs + atmosphere

25
Q

transpulmonary pressure (Ptp)

A
  • force responsible for keeping the alveoli open, difference between Palv and Pip
  • static parameter, does not cause airflow but determines lung volume
26
Q

Inspiration actions

A
  • diaphragm + INS intercostal contracts
  • thorax expand
  • Pip more subatmospheric
  • increase Ptp
  • lungs expand
  • Palv subatmospheric (flow from high to low)
  • air flow in alveoli
27
Q

expiration actions

A
  • diaphragm + INS intercostal stop contracting
  • chest wall recoil inward
  • Pip back to regular subatmospheric value
  • Ptp back to preINS value
  • lungs recoil
  • Palv increases (compressed air) > Patm
  • air flow out of lungs
28
Q

airway resistance is generally

A

small

29
Q

resistive forces (airflow)

A
  • inertia of RS (negligible)
  • friction (1. lung tissue past itself, 2. lung +chest wall (IP fluid ↓ friction)
  • frictional resistance to flow of air through airways (80%)
30
Q

airflow resistance sensitive to

A

-changes in radius when flow is not laminar

31
Q

laminar airflow

A
  • little energy lost to resistance

- happens in smallest airways

32
Q

transitional airflow

A
  • produces vortices- resistance increases

- happens in most of bronchial tree (intermediate airways)

33
Q

turbulent airflow

A
  • resistance to airflow is the highest
  • happens in large airways
  • linear air velocities is high
34
Q

laminar flow (poiseuille’s law)

A
  • proportional to viscosity of gas, length of tube

- inversely proportional to r^4

35
Q

resistance in airways in upper air passages/large airways

A

0.6

36
Q

resistance in airways small airways (#)

A

0.3

37
Q

terminal bronchioles arranged in parallel

A
  • lower aggregate R
  • parallel: 1/R= 1/R1 + 1/R2 +…
  • in series: R= R1 +R2 +…
38
Q

small airways determine airflow resistance because they are easily occluded by…

A
  • smooth muscle contraction in walls
  • edema occurring in walls of alveoli + bronchioles
  • mucus collecting in lumen of bronchioles

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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