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z:Physl 210A/B > Renal Lec 3 > Flashcards

Renal Lec 3 Flashcards

1
Q

three basic renal processes in order

A
  1. glomerular filtration
  2. tubular secretion
  3. tubular reabsorption
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2
Q

amount excreted (equation)

A

amount filtered + amount secreted - amount reabsorbed

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3
Q

processes that favour entry into lumen of tubule

A
  • filtration

- secretion

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4
Q

processes that favour exit from lumen of tubule

A
  • reabsorption

- excretion of urine

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5
Q

glomerular filtration

A

filtration from blood vessels in bowman’s space

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6
Q

tubular secretion

A

secretion from blood vessels into tubule

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7
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

reabsorption into blood vessels from tubule

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8
Q

filtration layers in glomerular capillary

A
  • fenestrated endothelial layer
  • basement membrane
  • podocytes with filtration slits
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9
Q

large proteins (like albumin) are held back because (3 reasons)

A
  • pore sizes are small
  • pores + BM are - charged, repels - charged proteins
  • podocytes have semi porous membranes
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10
Q

semi porous membranes of podocytes have (types of transmembrane proteins)

A
  • nephrins

- podocins

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11
Q

what passes through glomerulus? (9 things)

A
  • water
  • electrolytes
  • glucose
  • a.a
  • fatty acids
  • vitamins
  • urea
  • uric acid
  • creatinine
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12
Q

what remains in glomerulus? (6)

A
  • blood cells
  • plasma proteins
  • large anions
  • protein bound minerals
  • protein bound hormones
  • most molecules greater than 8 nm in diameter
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13
Q

ultrafiltrate

A

most of the substance in plasma in filtrate

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14
Q

proteinuria

A

increased protein in urine

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15
Q

net glomerular filtration pressure amount

A

+16

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16
Q

forces favouring filtration

A

glomerular capillary blood pressure

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17
Q

forces opposing filtration

A

fluid pressure in bowman’s space

osmotic force due to protein in plasma

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18
Q

osmotic forces due to protein is bowman’s space is low because

A

concentration of protein in bowman’s space in so low

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19
Q

net glomerular filtration pressure equation

A

glomerular capillary blood pressure - fluid pressure in bowman’s space - osmotic force due to protein in plasma

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20
Q

GF pressure initiates urine formation by

A

forcing filtrate from plasma into bowman’s space

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21
Q

volume that gets filtered out

A

20%

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22
Q

volume excreted out of body

A

<1%

23
Q

volume that is reabsorbed

A

19%

24
Q

volume that continues onto the efferent arteriole

A

80%

25
Q

glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - (def.)

A

volume of fluid filtered from the glomerulus into the bowman’s space per unit time

26
Q

GFR amount (mL/min, L/day), in 70 kg man

A
  • 125 mL/min

- 180 L/day

27
Q

high GFR allows plasma to be

A

filtered around 60 times a day

28
Q

4 factors affecting GFR

A
  • net glomerular filtration pressure
  • permeability of corpuscular membrane
  • surface area available for filtration
  • neural and endocrine control
29
Q

factors affecting GFR that are (somewhat) fixed

A
  • permeability of corpuscular membrane

- surface area available for filtration

30
Q

mesangial cell (def.)

A

-specialized cells in glomerulus that are not part of the filtration layers or juxtaglomerular apparatus

31
Q

contraction of mesangial cell (do what?)

A

reduce surface area of glomerular capillaries, decreasing GFR

32
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) two types of cells

A
  • macula densa

- juxtaglomerular cells

33
Q

macula densa (def.)

A

cells on the wall of the distal tubule

34
Q

macula densa can sense

A

increased fluid flow through distal tubule through Na+/ Cl- concentration

35
Q

macula densa secretes

A

vasoactive compounds (ex. adenosine)

36
Q

macula densa paracrine effect changes

A

afferent arteriolar resistance by signalling to JG cells

37
Q

juxtaglomerular cells (other name)

A

granular cells

38
Q

juxtaglomerular cells are on (location)

A

the wall of the afferent arteriole

39
Q

juxtaglomerular cells control

A

renin release based on sodium concentration

40
Q

GFR- large changes in arterial pressure or renal blood flow

A

GFR remains fairly constant

41
Q

autoregulation of GFR occurs by

A

changing renal blood vessel resistance to compensate for changes in blood pressure

42
Q

myogenic (def.)

A

how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood vessel

43
Q

changes in renal blood vessel resistance mechanism

A

tubuloglomerular feedback effect –> myogenic response of afferent arteriole

44
Q

tubuloglomerular feedback effect- role of JGA

A
  • increased tubular flow causes constriction of afferent arteriole to reduce GFR
  • regulated` by paracrine actine on JGA
  • paracrine control of afferent arteriole resistance
45
Q

blood pressure range for autoregulation of glomerular filtration

A

wide (80-180 mmHg)

46
Q

increased resistance in afferent arteriole

A

decreased GFR

47
Q

increased resistance in efferent arteriole

A

increased GFR

48
Q

decreased resistance in efferent arteriole

A

decreased GFR

49
Q

decreased resistance in afferent arteriole

A

increased GFR

50
Q

adenosine causes

A

vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole

51
Q

filtered load

A

total amount of non-protein or non-protein bound substance filtered into bowman’s space

52
Q

filtered load (equation)

A

filtered load = GFR x [substance in plasma]

53
Q

substance excreted in urine < filtered load

A

reabsorption has occurred

54
Q

substance excreted in urine > filtered load

A

secretion has occurred

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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