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z:Physl 210A/B > Reprod Lec 1- Male > Flashcards

Reprod Lec 1- Male Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system? (3)

A

– production of gametes
– organs for mating
– fertilization

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2
Q

Organs of Reproductive System (3)

A
  • gonads
  • pathway of gamete transport
  • accessory reproductive organs/glands
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3
Q

Function of Gonads (2)

A

– gamete production

– secrete sex hormones

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4
Q

descent of testes starts when ___to ___

A

3 months to birth

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5
Q

descent of testes starts when ___to ___

A

3 months to birth

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6
Q

testes are the ____

A

male gonads

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7
Q

testes contain ____ compartments each

A

250-300

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8
Q

testes contains ___ tubules ___

A

seminiferous tubules that are involved in sperm production

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9
Q

spermatogenesis begins at (what time?)___

A

puberty

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10
Q

seminiferous tubules contains ____

A

spermatogenic cells

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11
Q

mumps effect on spermatogenic cells (3)

A
  • center lumen: small
  • lining of cell: small
  • small spermatogenic cells
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12
Q

cells of testis (3)

A
  • Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
  • sertoli cells (epithelial cells)
  • smooth muscle (myoid cells)
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13
Q

cells of testis (3)

A
  • Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
  • sertoli cells (epithelial cells)
  • smooth muscle (myoid cells)
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14
Q

Leydig cells (interstitial cells) action

A

-secrete testosterone

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15
Q

Sertoli cells (epithelial cells) action

A

-support sperm development

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16
Q

Smooth muscle (myoid cells) action

A

peristalsis (propel sperm)

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17
Q

tubule setup (4)

A
  • smooth muscle
  • basement membrane
  • sertoli cell
  • lumen containing sperm
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18
Q

blood-testis barrier (3 parts)

A
  • tight junctions
  • luminal compartment
  • basal compartment
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19
Q

luminal compartment (3)`

A
  • tight junction
  • sertoli cell below that
  • lumen
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20
Q

basal compartment (4)

A
  • smooth muscle
  • basement membrane
  • sertoli cell above
  • tight junction
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21
Q

Functions of Sertoli cells

A

1.Support sperm development: “trophic role”
2. Secrete luminal fluid
3. Secrete androgen-binding protein
4. target cell for testosterone and FSH
5. Secrete inhibin
6. Secrete paracrine factors that affect Leydig cell
function
7. Phagocytosis of old and damaged sperm
8. Site of immunosuppression (blood testis barrier)

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22
Q

androgen-binding protein is ___ and helps ____

A
  • Androgen buffer

- Helps maintain steady [androgens] in lumen

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23
Q

sertoli cells secrete ____ that ___

A

Secrete paracrine factors that stimulate spermatogenesis

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24
Q

inhibin is a hormone (type of feedback loop for what hormone?)

A

-Hormone of negative feedback loop for FSH

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25
Q

2 hormones that target Sertoli cells

A
  • testosterone

- FSH

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26
Q

Function of male gonads (2)

A
  • production of sperms

- production of hormones

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27
Q

function of scrotum (1)

A

temperature regulation

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28
Q

function of epididymis (2)

A

– Maturation of sperm

– Storage site for sperm

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29
Q

function of vas deferens (2)

A

– Conduit

– Storage site for sperm

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30
Q

function of accessory sex gland (1)

A

-Production of seminal fluid

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31
Q

reproductive ability: childhood to onset of adolescence (upto 10-14 years)

A

• Inability to reproduce

32
Q

reproductive ability: puberty (starts at around 10-14 years, later in boys) (3)

A
  • Sexual maturation
  • Reproductive organs mature (can produce gametes)
  • Secondary sexualcharacteristics develop
33
Q

testosterone is synthesized in ___

A

leydig cell

34
Q

testosterone is transformed in ____ (4) in peripheral tissues

A
  • testosterone
  • dht (dihydrotesterone)
  • E (estrogen)
  • inactive molecules
35
Q

sperm production from late teens up

A

-continuous (small decrease in old age)

36
Q

release of testosterone (starting at hypothalamus)

A

-GnRH (hypothalamus) –> (+) Luteinizing hormone –> Leydig cell -> (+) testosterone

testosterone—> (-) LH, (-) GnRH

37
Q

effect of androgens in males (6)

A
  • spermatogenesis
  • 2 sex characteristics
  • increase sex drive
  • protein synthesis in skeletal muscle (anabolic effect)
  • increase growth hormone secretion
  • creating male reproductive structures as embryo
38
Q

summary of spermatogenesis

A

-spermatogonia (2n)—> primary spermatocytes (2nx2) –> secondary spermatocytes (nx2)—> spermatids (n)—> spermatozoa (n)

39
Q

mitosis ensures ____

A

continuous supply of spermatogonia

40
Q

meiosis (has two stages)- spermatogenesis

A

-chrosomenumber is halved.

41
Q

spermatogenesis takes ____ (time?)

A

64 days

42
Q

spermatogenesis occurs ___

A
  • inside seminiferous tubules from basement membrane to lumen
  • space in between adjacent sertoli cells through tight junction
43
Q

Tight junction allows ____

A

spermatocytes to pass

44
Q

Spermiogenesis (def.)

A
  • last step in spermatogenesis
  • physical change to form spermatozoa
  • spermatid to spermatozoa
45
Q

Spermiogenesis take ___ (how much time?)

A

24 days

46
Q

head of sperm (2)

A
  • Nucleus - Chromosomes

- Acrosome – Enzymes necessary for fertilization

47
Q

midpiece of sperm (1)

A
  • Mitochondria: source of energy
48
Q

Tail of sperm (1)

A

Whiplike movements propel sperm

49
Q

Spermatozoa released into lumen of seminiferous tubules is ___ and stay their for ___

A
  • Immotile

* 20 days

50
Q

Sperm maturation in epididymis (6-12 days)

A
  • Acquire motility
    • Wave–like tail movement initially
    • Most of the fluid is reabsorbed
    • Sperm is concentrated
51
Q

sperm moves to vas deferens by ___ and ___

A

peristalsis and remains there until ejaculation

52
Q

FSH stimulates

A

gametogenesis/spermatogenesis

53
Q

LH stimulates

A

androgen secretion

54
Q

pulse generator (male reproduction)

A

hypothalamus

55
Q

frequency and amplitude for pulse changes every ___ in males

A

90 min

56
Q

Inhibin is secreted by

A

Sertoli cells

57
Q

60% of ejaculate volume is from (accessory gland)

A

seminal vesicle

58
Q

30% of ejaculate volume is from (accessory gland)

A

prostate gland

59
Q

semen =

A

sperm + seminal fluid

60
Q

accessory sex organs secrete

A

seminal fluid

61
Q

secretion of seminal vesicles (has clotting factor outside body)

A

-alkaline fluid with fructose, enzymes, prostaglandins

62
Q

secretion of prostate gland

A

-citrate and enzymes like PSA (prostate specific antigen)

63
Q

hypertrophy of prostate gland is ___

A

biomarker for cancer

64
Q

secretion of bulbourethral gland

A

-secrete viscous fluid with mucus

65
Q

neural control of male sexual response is controlled by (2)

A
  • autonomic nervous system

- spinal reflexes

66
Q

erection (neural input)

A

parasympathetic nervous system

67
Q

emission (neural input)- moving toward through tract

A

-on prostate, vas deferens, seminal vesicles

sympathetic nervous system: sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle of the ducts

68
Q

ejaculation (neural input)

A

-rapid contraction of skeletal muscle for semen expulsion (somatic control)

69
Q

phases of male sexual response

A
  1. erection
  2. emission
  3. ejaculation
70
Q

mechanism of vasodilation in erectile response

A
  1. activation of parasympathetic nerve
  2. increase NO
  3. Incr’d cGMP
  4. vasodilation
  5. Incr’d blood flow
  6. erection
71
Q

mechanism of vasodilation in erectile response (viagra-sildenfail)

A
  • cGMP broken down by phosphodiesterase -> no more erection

- viagra inhibits phosphodiesterase .

72
Q

what accounts for low number of sperm o reach site of fertilization?

A
  • acidic pH
  • low energy
  • lost in female tract
73
Q

capacitation

A
  • the change undergone by sperm in the female reproductive tract that enables them to penetrate and fertilize an egg
  • acrosomal enzymes released in surroundings -dissolving of end
  • whiplashing of tail after activation
74
Q

sperm maturation in female tract

A
  1. capacitation

2. acrosome reaction

75
Q

movement of sperm before capacitation

A

-wavelike

76
Q

movement of sperm after capacitation

A

-whiplashing

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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