Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

z:Physl 210A/B > Endo Lec 2 > Flashcards

Endo Lec 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy from hypothalamus to pituitary

A
  • hypothalamus
  • median eminence
  • pituitary stalk (connected directly to.. ppg)
  • posterior pituitary gland
  • anterior pituitary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anterior pituitary (other name)

A

adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

posterior pituitary (other name)

A

neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pituitary stalk (other name)

A

infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adenohypophysis (type of tissue in embryonic development)

A

-from mouth upward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neurohypophysis (type of tissue in embryonic development)

A

-neural tissue downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

portal system (def.)

A

-two capillary beds connected by veins without first going through the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (def.) and has..plexus (type of blood entering/exiting)

A
  • blood system that connects hypothalamus + anterior pituitary
  • primary plexus (arterial blood enters) + secondary plexus (venous blood exits)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (main function)

A

-transport hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

relationship between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

A
  • neurosecretory neurons send neurohormones in primary plexus (in hypophyseal system) into secondary plexus,
  • neurohormones acts on endocrine cell in anterior pituitary which release hormones into the secondary plexus(vein)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

secondary plexus of hypophyseal vein is located

A

in anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

primary plexus of hypophyseal vein is located

A

top of pituitary stalk near hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ADH is made in … and secreted from

A
  • supraoptic nucleus (SON)

- posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

oxytocin is made in … and secreted from

A
  • paraventricular nucleus (PVN)

- posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SON stands for …

A

supraoptic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PVN stands for …

A

paraventricular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SON and PVN are

A

group of neurosecretory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

relationship between hypothalamus and posterior pituitary

A
  • neurosecretory neurons send hormones to posterior pituitary through axon in hypothalamic-posterior pituitary stalk
  • hormones released into blood system directly in posterior pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

6 hormones of the anterior pituitary gland

A
  1. follicle-stimulating hormone
  2. luteinizing hormone
  3. adrenocorticotropic hormone
  4. thyroid-stimulating hormone
  5. prolactin
  6. growth hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 anterior pituitary hormones that are secreted from the same cell types

A

FSH

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

FSH stands for

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LH stands for

A

luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ACTH stands for

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

TSH stands for

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

PRL stands for

A

prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

GH stands for

A

growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

FSH main target(s)

A

ovaries + testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

LH main target(s)

A

ovaries + testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ACTH main target(s)

A

adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

TSH main target(s)

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

PRL main target(s)

A

mammary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

GH main target(s)

A

most tissues (eg. bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

all 6 anterior pituitary hormones belong to … family and come from…

A

protein and come from different cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

6 hormones of the hypothalamus

A
  1. gonadotropin releasing hormone
  2. corticotropin releasing hormone
  3. thyrotropin releasing hormone
  4. growth hormone releasing hormone
  5. growth hormone inhibiting hormone/somatostatin
  6. prolactin inhibiting hormone/dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

all hypothalamic hormones except … are …

A

except PIH are peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

growth hormone inhibiting hormone (other name)

A

somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

prolactin inhibiting hormone (other name)

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

GnRH stands for

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

CRH stands for

A

corticotropin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

TRH stands for

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone

41
Q

GHRH stands for

A

growth hormone releasing hormone

42
Q

GHIH or SS stands for

A

growth hormone inhibiting hormone/somatostatin

43
Q

PIH or DA stands for

A

prolactin inhibiting hormone/dopamine

44
Q

GnRH effect on anterior pituitary hormone(s)

A

increases LH and FSH secretion

45
Q

CRH effect on anterior pituitary hormone(s)

A

increases ACTH secretion

46
Q

TRH effect on anterior pituitary hormone(s)

A

increases TSH secretion

47
Q

GHRH effect on anterior pituitary hormone(s)

A

increases GH secretion

48
Q

GHIH/SS effect on anterior pituitary hormone(s)

A

decreases GH secretion

49
Q

PIH/DA effect on anterior pituitary hormone(s)

A

decreases PRL

50
Q

hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axis

A

-inputs (higher centres) –>hypothalamus –> hypothalamic hormones–> anterior pituitary–> ant. pit. hormones–> target gland–> tagret gland hormones

51
Q

short-loop feedback system

A

-negative feedback in hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axis where ant. pit. hormones affects release of hypothalamic hormones

52
Q

long-long feedback system

A

-negative feedback in hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axis where target gland hormones affects release of ant.pit + hypothalamic hormones

53
Q

prolactin undergo which type of feedback system

A

-short-loop feedback system

54
Q

growth hormone undergo which type of feedback system

A

-short-loop feedback system

55
Q

most abundant anterior pituitary hormone

A

growth hormone

56
Q

growth hormone is a (type of hormone)

A

protein hormone

57
Q

GH acts on … and is associated with

A

cell surface receptors and it associated with protein kinase activity

58
Q

GH secretion time frame

A

secreted throughout life

59
Q

GH promotes growth mainly..

A

after birth (not in fetal stage)

60
Q

GH- type of secretion?

A

pulsatile secretion (secreted in pulses)

61
Q

GH does what? (2 things)

A
  • increases growth of most tissues, especially bone

- affects metabolism

62
Q

GH secretion follows .. rhythm

A

circadian

63
Q

GH action in vitro

A

no growth

64
Q

GH action in vivo

A

GH creates insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) that mediates tissue growth

65
Q

How does bone grow longer?

A

progenitor cells (fibroblasts) undergo differentiation into cartilage cells (chondrocytes) which proliferate and undergo ossification and turn into bone

66
Q

effects of GH on metabolism

A

-increases protein synthesis and increases growth of most tissues

67
Q

GH effects on fats (2)

A
  • GH increase lipolysis

- increase free fatty acids for energy

68
Q

GH effects on carbohydrates (2)

A
  • GH decreases glucose uptake into muscles (anti-insulin like effects)- hyperglycemia
  • increase gluconeogenesis by liver
69
Q

GH effects on proteins (4)

A
  • GH increases a.a uptake into cells
  • increase protein synthesis
  • increases cell size (hypertrophy)
  • increases the number of cells in connective tissues (hyperplasia)
70
Q

diabetogenic hormone causes

A

hyperglycemia

71
Q

hyperplasia is

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by increase in number of cells

72
Q

hormonal factors that increase GH secretion

A

GHRH

73
Q

hormonal factors that decrease GH secretion

A
  • somatostatin
  • GH
  • IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1)
74
Q

metabolic factors that increase GH secretion

A
  • hypoglycemia

- increase in aa in blood

75
Q

metabolic factors that decrease GH secretion

A
  • hyperglycemia

- increase in fatty acids

76
Q

other factors that increase GH secretion

A
  • deep sleep

- acute stress (ex. exercise)

77
Q

other factors that decrease GH secretion

A

-chronic stress (ex. prolonged malnutrition)

78
Q

IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1) secreted by

A

liver

79
Q

Too much GH (2 conditions)

A
  • gigantism

- acromegaly

80
Q

gigantism occurs in .. and growth occurs in…

A
  • children

- whole body

81
Q

acromegaly occurs in .. and growth occurs in…

A
  • adults

- jaw, thickening of bone, feet, course features

82
Q

Too little GH condition

A

-dwarfism

83
Q

Dwarfism in children, stunted growth is due to

A
  • decreased GHRH release

- decreased GH synthesis and secretion

84
Q

Laron dwarfism is due to

A

mutation of GH receptors

85
Q

metabolic effects of too much GH

A

-hyperglycemia

86
Q

hormones of posterior pituitary gland (2)

A
  • ADH (antidiuretic hormone) or vasopressin

- OXY (oxytocin)

87
Q

increase in osmolarity of ECF (dehydration)- effect on ADH

A

-osmoreceptors in hypothalamus trigger SON, release ADH from posterior pituitary which acts on kidney and increases water reabsorption= decrease in osmolarity of ECF

88
Q

decrease of ECF/BP (dehydration)- effect on ADH

A

-baroreceptors in cardiovascular system trigger SON, release ADH from posterior pituitary which acts on kidney and increases water reabsorption= increase in volume of ECF and BP

89
Q

too much ADH symptoms

A
  • increased water retention

- increased blood volume (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)

90
Q

SIADH stands for

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

91
Q

too little ADH symptoms

A

-central/nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (large volume of dilute urine)–> nephrogenic (abrononal ADH receptors- large amounts of ADH in system)

92
Q

factors affecting oxytocin secretion

A
  • parturition

- lactation

93
Q

parturition- effect on oxytocin secretion

A

-cervical stretch send signals to posterior pituitary and causes uterine contractions (positive feedback)

94
Q

suckling- effect on oxytocin secretion

A

-suckling send signals to posterior pitaya and oxytocin in released to cause lactation

95
Q

source of ADH/vasopressin (in hypothalamus)

A

supraoptic nucleus (SON)

96
Q

targets of ADH/vasopressin (2)

A

kidneys, blood vessels

97
Q

source of oxytocin (in hypothalamus)

A

paraventricular nucleus (PVN)

98
Q

targets of oxytocin (2)

A

uterus, mammary glands

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions