Renal Lec 2

Question 1

kidneys are located in __ space

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

retroperitoneal refers to the

Answer 2

area behind the peritoneum

Question 3

kidneys are in __ position

Answer 3

posterior

Question 4

associated organs of kidneys

Answer 4

• ureter
• bladder
• urethra

Question 5

ureter (def.)

Answer 5

tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder (there are 2)

Question 6

bladder (def.)

Answer 6

hollow organ in lower abdomen that stores urine

Question 7

urethra

Answer 7

tube that carries urine from bladder to expel it

Question 8

micturition

Answer 8

the action of urinating

Question 9

2 sections of kidney

Answer 9

• outer cortex

- inner medulla

Question 10

the functional unit of kidney is

Answer 10

nephron

Question 11

number of nephron in each kidney

Answer 11

-roughly one million

Question 12

two parts of the nephron

Answer 12

• renal corpuscle

- renal tubule

Question 13

age you age, the number of nephrons

Answer 13

decreases

Question 14

renal corpuscle is

Answer 14

the filtration unit of nephrons

Question 15

renal corpuscle contains

Answer 15

• glomerulus

- bowman’s capsule

Question 16

structure of nephron

Answer 16

• renal corpuscle
• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of henle (descending limb)
• loop of henle (ascending limb)
• distal convoluted tubule
• collecting duct

Question 17

loop of henle is a ___ loop

Answer 17

hairpin

Question 18

the specificity of each section of the tubule is due to

Answer 18

the epithelial cells that vary in structure and function based on the task it has to perform

Question 19

which is more convoluted? distal or proximal

Answer 19

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 20

afferent arteriole

Answer 20

-blood vessel into glomerulus

Question 21

efferent arteriole

Answer 21

-blood vessel out of glomerulus

Question 22

layers of renal corpuscle

Answer 22

• podocytes
• bowman’s space
• outer wall of bowman’s capsule

Question 23

stage 1 - renal corpuscle development

Answer 23

-nephrons are first blind-ended tubules with a single layer of epithelium

Question 24

stage 2 - renal corpuscle development

Answer 24

• tuft of capillaries penetrate end of tubules to create a basal lamina between endothelial cells of capillaries and epithelium
• epithelial cell layer differentiates into partial (outer) and visceral (inner) layer

Question 25

stage 3 - renal corpuscle development

Answer 25

• visceral layer becomes podocytes

- parietal layer becomes flattened bowman’s capsule wall

Question 26

anatomy of renal corpuscle (glomerular capillary)

Answer 26

• fenestrated endothelial layer
• basement membrane
• podocytes with filtration slits

Question 27

where are renal corpuscles found?

Answer 27

all renal corpuscles are found in the cortex

Question 28

basic functions of nephrons

Answer 28

• filtration
• reabsorption
• secretion

Question 29

two types of nephrons

Answer 29

• cortical (85%)

- juxtamedullary (15%)

Question 30

cortical nephrons do

Answer 30

basic functions of nephrons

Question 31

juxtamedullary nephrons do

Answer 31

• basic functions of nephrons

- regulate the concentration of urine by the absorption of water

Question 32

cortical nephrons characteristics (4)

Answer 32

• corpuscle is higher up in the cortex
• short loop of henle that doesn’t penetrate medulla deeply
• small glomerulus
• no vasa recta only peritubular capillaries

Question 33

juxtamedullary nephrons characteristics (4)

Answer 33

• corpuscle is lower up in the cortex, close to medulla
• long loop of henle that penetrates medulla deeply
• large glomerulus
• vasa recta only , no peritubular capillaries

Question 34

blood supply to kidney

Answer 34

20% of cardiac output, highly vascular organ

Question 35

three types of capillaries

Answer 35

• glomerular
• peritubular
• vasa recta

Question 36

peritubular capillaries are around __ and supplied by ___

Answer 36

• proximal + distal tubules

- efferent arteriole

Question 37

peritubular capillaries is mostly in (type of nephrons)

Answer 37

cortical nephrons

Question 38

vasa recta capillaries are in (type of nephrons)

Answer 38

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 39

vasa recta lie

Answer 39

parallel to loop of henle