Renal Lec 2 Flashcards
kidneys are located in __ space
retroperitoneal
retroperitoneal refers to the
area behind the peritoneum
kidneys are in __ position
posterior
associated organs of kidneys
- ureter
- bladder
- urethra
ureter (def.)
tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder (there are 2)
bladder (def.)
hollow organ in lower abdomen that stores urine
urethra
tube that carries urine from bladder to expel it
micturition
the action of urinating
2 sections of kidney
- outer cortex
- inner medulla
the functional unit of kidney is
nephron
number of nephron in each kidney
-roughly one million
two parts of the nephron
- renal corpuscle
- renal tubule
age you age, the number of nephrons
decreases
renal corpuscle is
the filtration unit of nephrons
renal corpuscle contains
- glomerulus
- bowman’s capsule
structure of nephron
- renal corpuscle
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of henle (descending limb)
- loop of henle (ascending limb)
- distal convoluted tubule
- collecting duct
loop of henle is a ___ loop
hairpin
the specificity of each section of the tubule is due to
the epithelial cells that vary in structure and function based on the task it has to perform
which is more convoluted? distal or proximal
proximal convoluted tubule
afferent arteriole
-blood vessel into glomerulus
efferent arteriole
-blood vessel out of glomerulus
layers of renal corpuscle
- podocytes
- bowman’s space
- outer wall of bowman’s capsule
stage 1 - renal corpuscle development
-nephrons are first blind-ended tubules with a single layer of epithelium
stage 2 - renal corpuscle development
- tuft of capillaries penetrate end of tubules to create a basal lamina between endothelial cells of capillaries and epithelium
- epithelial cell layer differentiates into partial (outer) and visceral (inner) layer
stage 3 - renal corpuscle development
- visceral layer becomes podocytes
- parietal layer becomes flattened bowman’s capsule wall
anatomy of renal corpuscle (glomerular capillary)
- fenestrated endothelial layer
- basement membrane
- podocytes with filtration slits
where are renal corpuscles found?
all renal corpuscles are found in the cortex
basic functions of nephrons
- filtration
- reabsorption
- secretion
two types of nephrons
- cortical (85%)
- juxtamedullary (15%)
cortical nephrons do
basic functions of nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons do
- basic functions of nephrons
- regulate the concentration of urine by the absorption of water
cortical nephrons characteristics (4)
- corpuscle is higher up in the cortex
- short loop of henle that doesn’t penetrate medulla deeply
- small glomerulus
- no vasa recta only peritubular capillaries
juxtamedullary nephrons characteristics (4)
- corpuscle is lower up in the cortex, close to medulla
- long loop of henle that penetrates medulla deeply
- large glomerulus
- vasa recta only , no peritubular capillaries
blood supply to kidney
20% of cardiac output, highly vascular organ
three types of capillaries
- glomerular
- peritubular
- vasa recta
peritubular capillaries are around __ and supplied by ___
- proximal + distal tubules
- efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries is mostly in (type of nephrons)
cortical nephrons
vasa recta capillaries are in (type of nephrons)
juxtamedullary nephrons
vasa recta lie
parallel to loop of henle
