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z:Physl 210A/B > Renal Lec 4 > Flashcards

Renal Lec 4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 different types of renal handling

A
  • filtration only
  • filtration + partial reabsorption
  • filtration + complete reabsorption
  • filtration + secretion
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2
Q

harmful/not useful substance undergo what type of renal handling

A

-filtration + secretion

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3
Q

useful substances undergo what type of renal handling

A

-filtration + complete reabsorption

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4
Q

inulin, creatine (type of renal handling)

A

-filtration only

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5
Q

electrolytes (type of renal handling)

A

-filtration + partial reabsorption

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6
Q

glucose, amino acids (type of renal handling)

A

-filtration + complete reabsorption

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7
Q

organic acids (PAH-para-aminohippuric acid) and bases

A

-filtration + secretion

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8
Q

urea (mostly excreted or reabsorbed?)

A

slightly excreted and reabsorbed)

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9
Q

water, sodium (mostly excreted or reabsorbed?)

A

mostly reabsorbed

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10
Q

glucose (mostly excreted or reabsorbed?)

A

all reabsorbed

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11
Q

is neurohormonal input involved in glucose reabsorption

A

no

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12
Q

is neurohormonal input involved in water,sodium reabsorption

A

yes

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13
Q

reabsorption from tubular lumen through tubular epithelial cell into peritubular capillaries is mediated by (2 methods- major/minor)

A
  • mediated transport (transepithelial) - major

- diffusion across tight junction (paracellular) - minor

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14
Q

reabsorption of Na+

A
  • passive diffusion across luminal/apical side into tubular epithelial cells
  • active transport on basolateral membrane by Na+/K+ ATPase into interstitial fluid (to peritubular capillaries)
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15
Q

Na+ movement depends on

A

type of channel/ transport protein

cotransport in PCT (proximal tubule)

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16
Q

filtrate is similar to (Na+ conc.)

A

interstitial fluid

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17
Q

filtrate —-> interstitial fluid (Na+ reabsorption mechanism)

A

mediated transport

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18
Q

interstitial fluid —-> blood plasma (Na+ reabsorption mechanism)

A

diffusion and bulk transport

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19
Q

high or low Na+ conc in tubule lumen and interstitial fluid

A

high

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20
Q

high or low Na+ conc in tubule epithelial cell

A

low

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21
Q

at normal plasma glucose concentration, amount of filtered glucose reabsorbed

A

all of it

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22
Q

in proximal tubule, glucose is reabsorbed by

A
  • secondary active transport on luminal side by SGLT (sodium linked co-transport)
  • facilitated diffusion on basolateral side by GLUT (diffusion)
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23
Q

renal threshold

A

the concentration level up to which a substance (as glucose) in the blood is prevented from passing through the kidneys into the urine.

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24
Q

glucosuria

A

glucose in urine

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25
Q

glucose conc in tubule lumen

A

low

26
Q

glucose conc in tubule epithelial cell

A

high

27
Q

glucose conc in tubinterstial fluid

A

low

28
Q

transport maximum

A

the point at which increase in concentration of a substance does not result in an increase in movement of a substance across a cell membrane

29
Q

renal threshold glucose

A

300 mg/100ml

30
Q

transport maximum glucose

A

375 mg/min

31
Q

diabetes mellitus (pathophysiological reason)

A

capacity to reabsorb glucose is normal, but filtered load is
greatly increased and is beyond the threshold level to
reabsorb glucose by the tubules

32
Q

renal glucosuria (pathophysiological reason)

A

• genetic mutation of the Na+/glucose cotransporter, that
normally mediates active reabsorption of glucose in the
proximal tubules

33
Q

renal glucosuria (other names)

A
  • benign glucosuria

- familial renal glucosuria

34
Q

reabsorption of urea by diffusion

A

-water is reabsorbed in proximal tubule and concentration urea increases inside tubule lumen so urea diffuses down the concentration gradient into interstial fluid

35
Q

urea reabsorption depends on

A

water reabsorption

36
Q

substances secreted

A
  • mostly H+ and K+

* choline, creatinine and penicillin

37
Q

tubular secretion is coupled to

A

reabsorption of Na+

38
Q

tubular secretion requires

A

active transport

39
Q

renal clearance is a way of

A

quantifying kidney function in removing substances from plasma

40
Q

renal clearance is a measure of

A

the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by kidney/unit time

41
Q

unit for clearance

A

ml/min or L/h

42
Q

clearance values are specific to

A

each substances

43
Q

Clearance of S (equation)

A 
S= Us *V/Ps
Us= conc of S in urine
V= volume of urine passed (ml/min)
Ps= conc. of S in plasma
44
Q

inulin is

A

a polysaccharide not found in body but in plants + vegetables

45
Q

inulin is (type of renal handling?)

A

readily filtered but not reabsorbed, secreted, or metabolized by tubule

46
Q

clearance of inulin equals the

A

glomerular filtration rate

47
Q

clearance of inulin (equation)

A

Cin= Uin *V/Pin

48
Q

creatinine is a product of

A

muscle metabolism

49
Q

creatinine is (type of renal handling?)

A

filtered not reabsorbed, but undergo slight secretion

50
Q

clearance of creatinine slightly overestimates

A

GFR but can be used to determine GFR clinically

51
Q

clearance of X > GFR + example

A

secretion occurred

ex. PAH

52
Q

clearance of X < GFR + example

A

reabsorption occurred

ex. glucose

53
Q

Ion transport in nephron summary (Na+, Cl-, K+)

A

• Na+ is actively reabsorbed
• Cl- is transported passively when Na+ is pumped out of the
cell
• K+ is secreted into the tubules mainly by cells of the distal
tubule and collecting ducts (CD)

54
Q

proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs

A

most of the water and non-waste plasma solutes

55
Q

PCT is a major site of

A

solute secretion expect K+

56
Q

loop of henle creates

A

osmotic gradient + reabsorbs large amounts of ions and less amounts of water

57
Q

distal convoluted tubule is the site for

A

major homeostatic mechanisms of fine control of water and solute to produce urine (hormonal control)

58
Q

proximal tubules (percent of renal handling?)

A

80% reabsorptive + secretory activates

59
Q

loop of henle (renal handling)

A

little of water, large amount of ions reabsorbed

60
Q

distal tubules (percent of renal handling?)

A

12% –15% reabsorption occurs here

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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