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z:Physl 210A/B > Renal Lec 7 > Flashcards

Renal Lec 7 Flashcards

1
Q

high [H+]= …. pH

A

low pH (acidic)

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2
Q

low [H+]= …. pH

A

high pH (basic/alkaline)

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3
Q

pH= (equation)

A

=log (1/[H+])= -log [H+]

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4
Q

pH for ECF is between

A

7.35 to 7.45

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5
Q

acidosis

A

arterial plasma pH < 7.35

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6
Q

alkalosis

A

arterial plasma pH > 7.45

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7
Q

why is balance of H+ important for body functions?

A

small changes in pH causes porteins to change shape

  • enzymes: shape changes can alter their activity
  • changes in neuronal activity
  • coupled to K+ imbalances
  • irregular cardiac beats
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8
Q

pH of ECF that lead to death

A

pH< 6.8

pH> 7.8

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9
Q

acid (def.)

A

release H+ in solution

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10
Q

Base (def.)

A

accepts H+ in solution

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11
Q

volatile acid (body)

A

carbon dioxide

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12
Q

volatile (def.)

A

exporative at normal temperatures

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13
Q

nonvolatile acids (body)

A

-organic and inorganic acids from other sources than CO2

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14
Q

nonvolatile acids (examples)

A

phosphoric acid

sulfuric acid

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15
Q

what produces sulfuric acid in body?

A

metabolism of sulfur-containing a.a (cysteine, methionine)

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16
Q

what produces hydrochloric acid in body?

A

metabolism of lysine, arginine and histidine

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17
Q

buffer (def.)

A

-any substance that binds to H+

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18
Q

buffer is composed of

A

weak acid and its conjugate base

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19
Q

buffers modify/adjust

A

-the change in pH following the addition of acids or bases

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20
Q

extracellular buffer system

A

CO2/HCO3-

21
Q

intracellular buffer system

A

phosphate ions/proteins

22
Q

example of intracellular buffer (blood)

A

Hemoglobin

23
Q

H+ is buffered by both

A

extracellular/ intracellular fluid

24
Q

organs responsible for balancing hydrogen ion concentration within narrow range

A

kidneys and lungs

25
Q

lungs (short-term/long-term) balancing hydrogen ion concentration

A

short-term

26
Q

kidneys (short-term/long-term) balancing hydrogen ion concentration

A

long-term

27
Q

respiratory H+ imbalances

A
  • hyperventilation
  • hypoventilation
  • respiratory malfunction
28
Q

↑ {H+] … ventilation

A

stimulates

29
Q

↓ [H+] … ventilation

A

inhibits

30
Q

alkalosis decrease of plasma [H+] -kidneys

A

kidneys excrete more bicarbonate

31
Q

acidosis increase of plasma [H+] -kidneys

A

kidneys synthesize new bicarbonate and send it to blood

32
Q

reabsorption of HCO3- is dependent on

A

H+ secretion

33
Q

most of HCO3- is …. in normal conditions

A

reabsorbed

34
Q

reabsorption of HCO3- (location)

A

proximal tubule, ascending loop of henle, CCD

35
Q

H+ secretion is an

A

active process

36
Q

transport of H+ is different depending on tubule segments (3 types)

A
  1. H+/ATPase
  2. H+/K+ ATPase
  3. Na+/H+ ATPase
37
Q

reabsorption of HCO3- mechanism 1

A

in tubular cell: water + carbon dioxide through carbonic anhydrase = carbonic acid– dissociates H+, HCO3-
H+ secreted into tubular lumen (forms carbonic acid with HCO3- in lumen), HCO3- secreted into interstitial fluid

38
Q

no HCO3- in lumen to bind H+ - mechanism 1

A

extra H+ binds to HPO42-

still net gain of HCO3- in plasma

39
Q

reabsorption of HCO3- mechanism 2

A
  • cells from proximal tubule are only involved
  • uptake of glutamine from filtrate or plasma
  • NH4+/HCO3- are formed inside the cells
  • NH4+ is actively secreted via the Na+/NH4+ counter transport into the lumen
  • HCO3- added to plasma
40
Q

Respiratory acidosis (def.)

A

– increased blood PCO2

41
Q

Respiratory acidosis occurs

A

– as a result of decreased ventilation

– occurs in emphysema

42
Q

kidney compensates by (Respiratory acidosis)

A
  • secreting H+ and lowers plasma [H+]
43
Q

Respiratory alkalosis (def.)

A

decreased blood PCO2

44
Q

Respiratory alkalosis occurs

A

–as a result of hyperventilation

- happens in high altitude

45
Q

kidney compensates by (Respiratory alkalosis)

A

– excreting HCO3

46
Q

Metabolic acidosis occurs

A

– in diarrhea (loss of bicarbonate ions)
– severe exercise
– diabetes mellitus

47
Q

Metabolic acidosis results

A

– results in increased ventilation

– results in increased H+ secretion

48
Q

Metabolic alkalosis occurs

A

after prolonged vomiting

49
Q

Metabolic alkalosis results

A

– in decreased ventilation

– in increased HCO3- excretion

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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