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z:Physl 210A/B > Renal Lec 1 > Flashcards

Renal Lec 1 Flashcards

1
Q

renal means

A

anything to do with the kidneys

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2
Q

the most general function of kidneys

A

-process plasma, regulate composition and volume of plasma

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3
Q

kidneys regulate (specific) (4)

A
  • blood volume and pressure
  • water concentration and fluid volume
  • inorganic ion composition
  • acid-base balance
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4
Q

kidneys excrete

A
  • urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin

- remove foreign chemicals (drugs, food additives, pesticides)

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5
Q

uric acid is a metabolic product of

A

-nucleic acid (purines)

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6
Q

urea is a metabolic product of

A

-proteins

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7
Q

kidneys synthesize (1)

A

glucose (gluconeogenesis)

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8
Q

kidneys secrete (general)

A
  • hormones

- enzymes

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9
Q

kidneys secrete (specific)

A
  • erythropoietin (hormone)
  • 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (hormone)
  • renin (enzyme)
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10
Q

erythropoietin is a

A
  • hormone produced by kidneys

- stimulates RBC production in response to cellular hypoxia

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11
Q

1,25-dihyrdoxy vitamin D is the

A

active form of vitamin D

also a hormone

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12
Q

Renin is an

A

enzyme that helps control blood pressure

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13
Q

adult male (70 kg) total body water (TBW)

A

42 L

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14
Q

TBW of adult male percentage of total body weight

A

60%

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15
Q

fluid volume in each compartments changes in

A
  • health disorders

- by rapid movement of water (osmosis)

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16
Q

ICF (intracellular fluid) definition

A

fluid inside the cell

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17
Q

ECF (extracellular fluid) definition

A

fluid outside the cell

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18
Q

plasma defintion

A

liquid, non-cellular part of blood

fluid found inside blood vessels

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19
Q

ECF includes

A

plasma +interstitial fluid + cerebrospinal fluid

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20
Q

ICF percentage of TBW

A

40%

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21
Q

ECF percentage of TBW

A

20%

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22
Q

Interstitial fluid is majority of

A

ECF

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23
Q

key ions of body fluid compartments

A

Na+

K+

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24
Q

Na+ (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ECF

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25
Q

K+ (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ICF

26
Q

Ca++ (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ECF

27
Q

Mg++ (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ICF

28
Q

Cl- (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ECF

29
Q

HCO3- (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ECF

30
Q

Pi- (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ICF

31
Q

Protein (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ICF

32
Q

polar substances diffuse through CM

A

slowly or not all

ex. aa, glucose, water

33
Q

nonpolar substance diffuse through CM

A
  • rapidly

ex. CO2, fatty acids, steroids

34
Q

diffusion is

A

a process in which movement of molecules from one location to another occur as a result of their random thermal motion (high conc. to low conc.)
-over time there is even distribution

35
Q

rate of water diffusion depends on

A
  • aquaporins: water channels)

- water concentration

36
Q

water concentration is measured in

A

osmoles

37
Q

1 osmoles (osm) =

A

1 mole of solute particles

38
Q

osmolarity

A
  • number of solutes per unit volume of solution expressed in osmoles per liter
  • measure of solute concentration
39
Q

low osmolarity ( ___water concentration)

A

high

40
Q

high osmolarity ( ___water concentration)

A

low

41
Q

when membrane is permeable to both water + solute,

A

the movement of water and solute equalized both solute + water concentration

42
Q

osmosis

A

net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to one with a lower concentration

43
Q

osmotic pressure

A

the pressure necessary to prevent solvent movement (osmosis) across semipermeable membrane
-opposes osmosis

44
Q

when membrane is permeable to just water,

A

the movement of water only equalized solute concentration

45
Q

opposing pressure required to stop osmosis completely is equal to

A

osmotic pressure

46
Q

NPS (def. + examples)

A
  • non-penetrating solutes (can’t pass CM)

- Na+/Cl- ions

47
Q

tonicity is determined by

A

concentration of NPS of an extracellular solution compared to intracellular environment of cell; causes changes in cell volume

48
Q

isotonic (isoosmotic)

A

-same concentration of NPS outside and inside the cell, cell volume does not change

49
Q

hypertonic (hyperosmotic)

A

-higher concentration of NPS outside than inside the cell: cell shrink

50
Q

hypotonic (hypoosmotic)

A

-lower concentration of NPS outside than inside of the cell: cell swell

51
Q

normal osmolarity inside a cell

A

300 mOsm/L

52
Q

Water flows from __ osmolarity to __ osmolarity

A

lower (high water concentration) to higher (low water concentration)

53
Q

movement of solute/water out of blood (plasma)

A

filtration

54
Q

movement of solute/water into blood (plasma)

A

absorption

55
Q

capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)

A

pressure in blood vessels due to blood components (outwards)

56
Q

capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)- arterial vs venous end

A

arterial: high Pc
venous: low Pc- favours absorption

57
Q

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pif)

A

pressure on blood vessels due to interstitial fluid components (inwards)

58
Q

osmotic force due to plasma protein concentration (πc)

A

-osmosis into the blood vessels due to proteins in plasma (inwards)

59
Q

osmotic force due to interstitial fluid protein concentration (πIF)

A

-osmosis into the blood vessels due to proteins in IF (outwards)

60
Q

Net filtration pressure=

A

Pc + πIF - Pif - πc

61
Q

ultimate goal of kidneys is to

A

maintain homeostasis: total body balance of substance

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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