RS Lec 2

Question 1

spirometry is…

Answer 1

-a pulmonary function test to determine the amount and the rate of inspired and expired air

Question 2

tidal volume (TV)

Answer 2

-air in OR out in each cycle

Question 3

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 3

-max air in after regular inspiration

Question 4

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 4

-max air in after regular expiration

Question 5

Residual volume (RV)

Answer 5

• volume of air in lungs after max expiration

- RV=FRC-ERV

Question 6

Vital capacity (VC)

Answer 6

max air exhaled after max inspiration

- VC= TV+ IRV+ ERV

Question 7

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 7

• air in lungs after normal expiration

- FRC= RV + ERV

Question 8

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

Answer 8

• air that can be forcibly inhaled

- IC= TV+IRV

Question 9

Total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 9

• volume of air in lungs after max inspiration

- TLC= FRC + TV + IRV= VC + RV

Question 10

tidal volume (amount)

Answer 10

-500 ml

Question 11

Total (minute) ventilation

Answer 11

• total amount of air moved into the respiratory system per minute
• tidal volume x resp. frequency (0.5 L x 15 bpm = 7.5 L/min)

Question 12

alveolar ventilation

Answer 12

• amount of air moved into the alveoli per minute (alveolar < minute)
• depends on anatomical dead space (150 ml)
• (0.5-0.15) * 15 bpm= 5.25 L/min

Question 13

anatomical dead space is

Answer 13

• 150 ml

- constant regardless of breath size

Question 14

increased depth of breathing..

Answer 14

-increased alveolar ventilation

Question 15

shallow + fast breathing

Answer 15

-likely to faint

Question 16

FEV1

Answer 16

-forced expiratory volume in 1s`

Question 17

FVC

Answer 17

-forced vital capacity (max air out after max inspiration)

Question 18

FEV1/FVC

Answer 18

-proportion of the amount of air that is blown out in 1 sec.

Question 19

normal FEV1/FVC

Answer 19

-80%

Question 20

obstructive FEV1/FVC

Answer 20

-FEV1 ↓
-FVC normal/↓
FEV1/FVC < 0.7

Question 21

obstructive pattern

Answer 21

• shortness of breath due to difficulty in exhaling all the air from lungs
• exhaled air moves more slowly than normal
• high amount of air left in lungs

Question 22

obstructive pattern illness

Answer 22

-bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis

Question 23

restrictive FEV1/FVC

Answer 23

-FEV1 ↓
-FVC ↓
FEV1/FVC (normal)

Question 24

restrictive pattern

Answer 24

-lungs can’t fully expand, caused by stiffness in lungs, chest wall, weak muscles, damaged nerves

Question 25

restrictive pattern illness

Answer 25

• lung fibrosis
• neuromuscular diseases (ALS, muscular dystrophy)
• scarring of lung tissue

Question 26

functional residual capacity (RV+ERV)- helium dilution method

Answer 26

-helium is insoluble in blood, helium in lung equialbarates, C2 is measured at end of expiratory effort (V2= FRC)