RHEUMATOLOGY & OA TERMS Flashcards
articulate with free movement, synovial membrane, and contain synovial fluid
synovial or diarthroidal joints
adjacent bones are separated by articular or a fibrocartilage disk and are bound by firm ligaments permitting limited motions (pubic symphysis, distal tibiofibular articulation)?
amphiarthroses
thin, fibrous tissue separates adjoining cranial plates that interlock to prevent detectable motion before the end of normal growth (only found in skull/suture lines)
synarthroses
specialized connective tissue covers WB surfaces of synovial joints. Hyaline cartilage is maintained by chondrocytes
articular cartilage
serves as a lubricant for articular cartilage and nutrition for the chondrocytes within the cartilage structure
synovial fluid
this produces synovial fluid
synovium
closed sac, lined sparsely with mesenchymal cells similar to synovial cells but less vascularized than synovium
bursa
consists of a layer of compact cortical bone and underlying system of cancellous bone organized in a trabecular network
subchondral bone
periarticular osteoporosis and erosive changes in addition to cartilage loss
(infectious and inflammatory arthritis)
atrophic arthritis
cartilage loss is accompanied by an increase in bone density and bone formation around joints (osteoarthritis)
hypertrophic arthritis
the most common form of articular disease and up to 80% of people by age 80 have histologic or radiographic criteria. Approx 50% of people report symptoms
osteoarthritis
absence of any obvious underlying abnormalities or identifiable etiology
idiopathic/primary osteoarthritis
identifiable underlying cause, such as hx of trauma
primary and secondary OA are indistinguishable from each other
secondary OA
bony enlargement of the distal interphalangeal joint of the hand
Heberden’s nodes
bony enlargement of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand
Bouchard’s nodes
name this diagnostic modality
can identify OA at earlier stages of disease before radiographic changes become apparent, such as cartilage defects or other structures not visualized by radiographs such as effusion, synovium and ligaments
MRI
name this diagnostic modality
can ID OA associated structural changes and is useful for detecting synovial inflammation, effusion, and osteophytosis
ultrasound
precedes Hallux Rigidus and limited ROM
-functional is limited on weight bearing only
hallux limitus
end stage form of arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint
hallux rigidus
these meds downregulate expression of adhesion molecules which can reduce cellular infiltration into the joint and the inflammation that follows
-amount of steroid injected is dependent on size of joint
corticosteroids
mechanism of action unknown but may reduce pain and may improve mobility by an anti-inflammatory effect, short term lubricant effect, analgesic effect by buffering the synovial nerve endings, and stimulating synovial lining cells
hyaluronic acid derivatives
