NAIL DISORDERS HIGH YIELD

Question 1

so the proximal nail fold has what two skin surfaces?

Answer 1

dorsal and ventral skin surfaces

Question 2

what is significant about the plantar digital artery?

Answer 2

dominant vessel

Question 3

important components of the nail bed?

Answer 3

un-encapsulated nerve balls
vater-pacinian pressure receptors
meissners corpuscle

Question 4

what is important to note about the dorsal portion of the nail matrix?

Answer 4

ventral skin surface of proximal nail fold

forms the thin dorsal surface of the nail plate

Question 5

what is to note of the distal seal of the hyponycium protecting the nail bed from infection?

Answer 5

onychodermal band

Question 6

when does the nail matrix begin in utero?

few melanocytes are derived from the?

Answer 6

9-10 weeks

neural crest

Question 7

onychocytes are closely packed, adherent, interdicting cells that are normally clear and translucent, so what should we note also about the many intercellular links and tight junctions?

Answer 7

frequent gap junctions

• intercellular channels
• more permeable to polar solutions than is skin

Question 8

the nail plate is composed of? and grows at a rate of _____?

Answer 8

alpha keratin protein

0.1 mm per day or 3 mm per month

Question 9

pedal nail plates average how long per month?

the toe nail completes turn over cycle how many months?

Answer 9

1 mm

12-18 months, decreases with age

Question 10

what determines the thickness of the nail plate?

Answer 10

length of the matrix

Question 11

nail plate is more permeable to?

Answer 11

polar solutions like water

Question 12

skin is more permeable to?

Answer 12

non polar compounds like oils

Question 13

what determines nail hardness?

this does not contribute to nail hardness?

Answer 13

moisture content

Question 14

what is a nail unit anitmicrobial peptide?

Answer 14

cathelicidin

-leads to decreased levels in atopic eczema patients

Question 15

name an example of primary IGTNs?

Answer 15

hereditary onychocryptosis

Question 16

what type of medication is commonly used to treat secondary IGTNs?

Answer 16

systemic antifungals

Question 17

how many stages of IGTN are there?

describe stage 1/2, 3*?

Answer 17

three stages

sore to tender nail lip, its an inflamed nail lip that typically separates easily from the nail plate called onycholysis

*painful erythematous with partial temporary excision of the offending nail plate

Question 18

whats to note for chronic recurrent infections?

Answer 18

avoid epinephrine

three 60 second applications

Question 19

toenail onycholysis is also known as?

Answer 19

short shoe syndrome (foot size exceeds shoe size)

Question 20

what is to note about systemic sclerosis?

Answer 20

capillary loop drop out

Question 21

what is beau’s lines important to consider with nail growth cessation?

Answer 21

transverse symmetrical grooves

Question 22

increased nail plate growth generally due to?

Answer 22

increased blood flow to nail matrix due to extremity trauma or fracture

gelatin has not been shown to encourage nail growth nor strength

Question 23

what are the examples of dystrophic nails?

Answer 23

onychauxsis
onychogryphosis
hypertrophic nails

Question 24

scarred nail matrix after ruling out phalangeal fracture like subungual exostosis is often indicative of?

Answer 24

onychogryphosis

Question 25

what are the nail plate surface changes?

Answer 25

onychorrhexis
medial canaliform nail dystrophy
habit tic deformity

Question 26

this is also called twenty nail dystrophy and is an autosomal dominant overgrowth of all multiple nails

Answer 26

pachyonychia congenita

Question 27

aka racquet nail

Answer 27

brachyonychia

Question 28

paraketosis, often indicative of nail matrix trauma, opaque white patches and punctate is what type of condition?

Answer 28

leukonychia

Question 29

this type of leukonychia has Mee’s lines

single, multiple white transverse bands

heavy metal poisoning episodes with arsenic

renal failure

Hodgkins lymphoma

CHF, leprosy and malaria

chemotherapy

Answer 29

transverse leukonychia

Question 30

with clubbing, what type of angle is created?

Answer 30

lovibond angle