NAIL DISORDERS HIGH YIELD Flashcards
so the proximal nail fold has what two skin surfaces?
dorsal and ventral skin surfaces
what is significant about the plantar digital artery?
dominant vessel
important components of the nail bed?
un-encapsulated nerve balls
vater-pacinian pressure receptors
meissners corpuscle
what is important to note about the dorsal portion of the nail matrix?
ventral skin surface of proximal nail fold
forms the thin dorsal surface of the nail plate
what is to note of the distal seal of the hyponycium protecting the nail bed from infection?
onychodermal band
when does the nail matrix begin in utero?
few melanocytes are derived from the?
9-10 weeks
neural crest
onychocytes are closely packed, adherent, interdicting cells that are normally clear and translucent, so what should we note also about the many intercellular links and tight junctions?
frequent gap junctions
- intercellular channels
- more permeable to polar solutions than is skin
the nail plate is composed of? and grows at a rate of _____?
alpha keratin protein
0.1 mm per day or 3 mm per month
pedal nail plates average how long per month?
the toe nail completes turn over cycle how many months?
1 mm
12-18 months, decreases with age
what determines the thickness of the nail plate?
length of the matrix
nail plate is more permeable to?
polar solutions like water
skin is more permeable to?
non polar compounds like oils
what determines nail hardness?
this does not contribute to nail hardness?
moisture content
what is a nail unit anitmicrobial peptide?
cathelicidin
-leads to decreased levels in atopic eczema patients
name an example of primary IGTNs?
hereditary onychocryptosis
what type of medication is commonly used to treat secondary IGTNs?
systemic antifungals
how many stages of IGTN are there?
describe stage 1/2, 3*?
three stages
sore to tender nail lip, its an inflamed nail lip that typically separates easily from the nail plate called onycholysis
*painful erythematous with partial temporary excision of the offending nail plate
whats to note for chronic recurrent infections?
avoid epinephrine
three 60 second applications
toenail onycholysis is also known as?
short shoe syndrome (foot size exceeds shoe size)
what is to note about systemic sclerosis?
capillary loop drop out
what is beau’s lines important to consider with nail growth cessation?
transverse symmetrical grooves
increased nail plate growth generally due to?
increased blood flow to nail matrix due to extremity trauma or fracture
gelatin has not been shown to encourage nail growth nor strength
what are the examples of dystrophic nails?
onychauxsis
onychogryphosis
hypertrophic nails
scarred nail matrix after ruling out phalangeal fracture like subungual exostosis is often indicative of?
onychogryphosis
what are the nail plate surface changes?
onychorrhexis
medial canaliform nail dystrophy
habit tic deformity
this is also called twenty nail dystrophy and is an autosomal dominant overgrowth of all multiple nails
pachyonychia congenita
aka racquet nail
brachyonychia
paraketosis, often indicative of nail matrix trauma, opaque white patches and punctate is what type of condition?
leukonychia
this type of leukonychia has Mee’s lines
single, multiple white transverse bands
heavy metal poisoning episodes with arsenic
renal failure
Hodgkins lymphoma
CHF, leprosy and malaria
chemotherapy
transverse leukonychia
with clubbing, what type of angle is created?
lovibond angle
