COMMON LAB TEST DEFINITIONS

Question 1

function for O2 transport (hemoglobin)

Answer 1

RBC (erythrocytes)

Question 2

cells of immune system which defend the body against both infectious disease and foreign
materials

Answer 2

WBC (leukocytes)

Question 3

cell fragments involved in the mechanism of primary homeostasis leading to the formation of blood clots

Answer 3

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 4

bacterial infections

Answer 4

Neutrophils

Question 5

parasitic infections or allergic disorders

Answer 5

Eosinophils

Question 6

inflammatory or allergic disorders

Answer 6

Basophils

Question 7

viral infections and leukemia

Answer 7

Lymphocytes

Question 8

viral infections and various collagen diseases

Answer 8

Monocytes

Question 9

cell fragments involved in the mechanism of primary homeostasis leading to the
formation of blood clots

Answer 9

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 10

oxygen carrying compound contained in RBC

Answer 10

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Question 11

volume of RBCs found in 100mL of blood

Answer 11

Hematocrit (Hct)

Question 12

average volume occupied by a single RBC

Answer 12

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Question 13

measure average weight of hemoglobin in RBC

Answer 13

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

Question 14

measures average concentration of hemoglobin in RBCs

Answer 14

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Question 15

variation in the size of RBCs

Answer 15

RBC Distribution Width (RDW)

Question 16

gives breakdown of WBCs based on different cell types

CBC panel test + WBC breakdown

Answer 16

CBC with differential

Question 17

increased number

Answer 17

Cytosis

Question 18

decreased number

Answer 18

Penia

Question 19

measures rate at which RBCs settle out of unclotted blood

Answer 19

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Question 20

antigen-antibody reaction test

Answer 20

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 21

% of total hemoglobin that is glycosylated, ~6.5%

Answer 21

Hemoglobin A1c

Question 22

indicator of pathology in urinary tract, some estimation of renal function, systemic disease indicator

Answer 22

Urinalysis:

Question 23

the complex process by which blood forms solid clots

Answer 23

Blood Coagulation

Question 24

tissue injury

Answer 24

Extrinsic clotting pathways

Question 25

internal endothelial damage or blood contacts foreign material

Answer 25

Intrinsic clotting pathways

Question 26

measure of the extrinsic pathway

Answer 26

Prothrombin time (PeT)

Question 27

protein produced in the liver from Vitamin K

Answer 27

Prothrombin

Question 28

detects abnormalities in the intrinsic pathway

Answer 28

Partial thromboplastin time (PiTT)

Question 29

devised to standardized results, similar to PT time

Answer 29

International normalised ratio (INR)

Question 30

1)electrolytes, metabolites, hormones, enzymes (renal and liver function)

2)Gives current	information about
Kidney function (BUN &	CrC)
Electrolytes
Acid-base balance
Blood sugar
Calcium

3) evaluates the rate and efficiency of kidney filtration

Answer 30

Chemistries

basic metabolic panel

creatinine clearance

Question 31

product of muscle catabolism

Answer 31

Creatinine

Question 32

measures amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism

Answer 32

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Question 33

procedure in which a needle is inserted into a joint in order to remove fluid, joint aspirate
“Most valuable test in rheumatology”

Answer 33

Arthrocentesis