COMMON LAB TEST DEFINITIONS Flashcards
function for O2 transport (hemoglobin)
RBC (erythrocytes)
cells of immune system which defend the body against both infectious disease and foreign
materials
WBC (leukocytes)
cell fragments involved in the mechanism of primary homeostasis leading to the formation of blood clots
Platelets (thrombocytes)
bacterial infections
Neutrophils
parasitic infections or allergic disorders
Eosinophils
inflammatory or allergic disorders
Basophils
viral infections and leukemia
Lymphocytes
viral infections and various collagen diseases
Monocytes
cell fragments involved in the mechanism of primary homeostasis leading to the
formation of blood clots
Platelets (thrombocytes)
oxygen carrying compound contained in RBC
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
volume of RBCs found in 100mL of blood
Hematocrit (Hct)
average volume occupied by a single RBC
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
measure average weight of hemoglobin in RBC
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
measures average concentration of hemoglobin in RBCs
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
variation in the size of RBCs
RBC Distribution Width (RDW)
gives breakdown of WBCs based on different cell types
CBC panel test + WBC breakdown
CBC with differential
increased number
Cytosis
decreased number
Penia
measures rate at which RBCs settle out of unclotted blood
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
antigen-antibody reaction test
C-reactive protein (CRP)
% of total hemoglobin that is glycosylated, ~6.5%
Hemoglobin A1c
indicator of pathology in urinary tract, some estimation of renal function, systemic disease indicator
Urinalysis:
the complex process by which blood forms solid clots
Blood Coagulation
tissue injury
Extrinsic clotting pathways
internal endothelial damage or blood contacts foreign material
Intrinsic clotting pathways
measure of the extrinsic pathway
Prothrombin time (PeT)
protein produced in the liver from Vitamin K
Prothrombin
detects abnormalities in the intrinsic pathway
Partial thromboplastin time (PiTT)
devised to standardized results, similar to PT time
International normalised ratio (INR)
1)electrolytes, metabolites, hormones, enzymes (renal and liver function)
2)Gives current information about Kidney function (BUN & CrC) Electrolytes Acid-base balance Blood sugar Calcium
3) evaluates the rate and efficiency of kidney filtration
Chemistries
basic metabolic panel
creatinine clearance
product of muscle catabolism
Creatinine
measures amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
procedure in which a needle is inserted into a joint in order to remove fluid, joint aspirate
“Most valuable test in rheumatology”
Arthrocentesis