LAB TESTS AND VALUES TERMS Flashcards
procedures to determine physiologic function, homeostasis, and histologic changes
lab tests
within reference range?
normal
outside of reference range?
abnormal
the tests ability to produce the correct result , like a bulls eye target with a dart hitting the center
accuracy
how often the test produces the same result, clustering
precision
ability of a test to correctly ID individuals who have a given disease
sensitivity
results which give a negative finding which is actually positive
false negative
the ability of the test to correctly exclude individuals who do not have a given disease?
specificity
results which give a positive finding which is actually negative
false positive
this office test checks non fasting blood sugar
glucose finger stick
hand held device that emits UV fluorescent light
certain bacteria will fluoresce characteristics color
performed on the feet and webspace
used erythrasma
wood’s lamp
plasma approx 55%
cells approx 45%
- RBC
- WBC
- Platelets
blood composition
function for O2 transport
contain hemoglobin
mature cells do not contain nuclei
life span 120 days
RBC
cells of the immune system defend the body against both infectious diseases and foreign materials
granulocytes
agranulocytes
WBC
cell fragments involved in the mech of primary hemostasis leading to the formation of blood clots
platelets
this is a count for these blood cells with a reference value 5000-10000 uL
WBCs
increased WBC
bacterial infection
foreign substance
leukocytosis
decreased WBC
viral infection
bone marrow deficiency
leukopenia
this measures the rate at which RBCs settle out of unclotted bloode
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- this is synthesized by the liver in response to factors released by macrophages
- used for detecting inflammation, similar to ESR
- elevated sooner than ESR
- <0.8 mg/dl
hematological tests
% of total hemoglobin that is glycosylated
irreversible non enzymatic binding to the beta chain of the hemoglobin
reflects blood sugar control over 2-3 month period
hemoglobin A1c
product of muscle catabolism, derived from the breakdown of muscle creatine and creatine phosphate
more sensitive to renal function than BUN
0.7-1.4 mg
creatinine
this evaluates the rate and efficiency of kidney filtration
creatinine clearance
measures the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism
not a reliable indicator because of factors such as age, gender, and mass
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
the complex process by which blood forms solid clots
coagulation
protein produced in the liver from vitamin K
measure of the extrinsic pathway
monitors the anticoagulant therapy of Coumadin
11-16 seconds
blood coagulation
detects abnormalities in the intrinsic pathway
monitors the anticoagulant therapy of heparin
25-35 seconds
blood coagulation
devised to standardized results
similar to PT time
0.8-1.2
patients on anti coagulant therapy should have an INR between 2.0 and 3.0 for basic blood thinning needs
international normalized ration (INR)
procedure in which a needle is inserted into a joint in order to remove fluid
joint aspiration
arthrocentesis
