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Virology > Retroviridae > Flashcards

Retroviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What does retrovirdiae means?

A

retro - reverse transcription

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2
Q

Morphology

A 
diploid
\+ssRNA genome
helical + icosahedral capsid 
enveloped 
~100 nm
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3
Q

Resistance

A

weak - very sensitive virus

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4
Q

Biological properties

A

Baltimore VI. – viral reverse transcriptase → integration, provirus

genetic structure:
•5’-LTR-gag-pro-env-pol-LTR-3’
•+/- onc substitution mutant → transforming, defective virus

oncogenic – transforming viruses need helpers for multiplication
multiplication competent viruses: strong CPE, oncogenic as well
transmission: transplacental (tolerance!), cell associated (germ cells, colostrum, epithel), arbo

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5
Q

Antigenetic properties

A

good antigens

hypervariable surface antigens, Ig-s are not effective against integrated virus, destruction of the immune-system

cross-reactions: specificity of antigens (core

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6
Q

Diagnosis

A

clinical signs

direct – ELISA, IF, PCR, NA hybridization
indirect – ELISA, AGID (Coggins-test – EIA)

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7
Q

Subfamily

A

Ortheoretrovirina:

  • Alpharetrovirus genus
  • Betaretrovirus genus
  • Gammaretrovirus genus
  • Deltaretrovirus genus
  • Epsilonretrovirus genus
  • Lentivirus genus!

Spumaretrovirinae:
- Spumavirus genus

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8
Q

Genus of ortheretrovirina:

A 
Alpharetrovirus genus
Betaretrovirus genus
Gammaretrovirus genus
Deltaretrovirus genus
Epsilonretrovirus genus
Lentivirus genus!
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9
Q

What is a provirus?

A

A virus which integrated into post-genus

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10
Q

What is a oncogenic virus?

A

A incomplete virus which needs help to multiplicate from other viruses

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11
Q

What is a oncogenic gene?

A

Its a gene which will produce tumors if being turned on. Virus oncogenic gene + cell–> close to each other: tumor cells

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12
Q

How many percentage of the human genome comes from retroviruses?

A

10%

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13
Q

Alpharetrovirus genus:

A

Avian leucosis virus:
- chicken: leukemia, lymphatic tumours

Avian sarcoma, Av. myeloblastosis, Av. carcinoma virus - - -defective virus – helper: leucosis virus
•chicken: quick developing mesenchymal tumours

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14
Q

Alpharetrovirus genus:

A

Avian leucosis virus:
- chicken: leukemia, lymphatic tumours

Avian sarcoma, Av. myeloblastosis, Av. carcinoma virus:

  • defective virus – helper: leucosis virus
  • chicken: quick developing mesenchymal tumours

Rous sarcoma virus:

  • Has all the genes, doesn’t need a helper virus
  • Multiplication competent and viral onc gene!
  • chicken: mesenchymal sarcomas
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15
Q

Betaretrovirus genus:

A

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus
- sheep: lung cancer („Jaagsiekte”)

Mouse mammary tumor virus

Monkey retrovirus

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16
Q

Gammaretrovirus genus:

A

Mammalian group:

  • Feline leukemia / sarcoma virus
    (Feline leukemia helps the sarcoma virus to replicate.
    Spreads through cat fights.)
  • Murine leukemia /sarcoma virus

Avian (Reticuloendotheliosis) group:

  • Reticuloendotheliosis virus
    chicken: immunosuppression, tumors
17
Q

Deltaretrovirus genus:

A

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV):
- cattle: leucosis, slow-developing lymphatic tumors

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1-2 (HTLV):
- human T-cell leukemia –> lymphoid tissue

Monkey:
Primate T-lymphotropic virus
Simian T-cell leukemia virus

18
Q

Epsilonretrovirus genus:

A

Walleye dermal sarcoma virus
Walleye epidermal hypoplasia virus
Fish virus!
Skin lesion and damage occurs

19
Q

Lentivirus genus:

A

(lentus – slow)

Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIA)
•horse: anemia, wasting – lethal •arthropod-transmission (flies) – „swamp fever”

Maedi-Visna virus
•sheep: Maedi – interstitial pneumonia, Visna – encephalitis

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAE)
•goat: arthritis, lameness; encephalitis, paralysis

Human immunodeficiency virus 1, 2 (HIV 1-2)
- T-helper cell destruction – immunosuppression
→Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), ARC

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
- often accosted with leukemia in cats!

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)

20
Q

Spumaretrovirina: spumavirus

A

(spuma - foamy)

Bovine foamy virus – orphan (?)

Feline-, Equine-, Simian-, Chimpanzee foamy virus

CPE occurs, no clinical signs

Virology (29 decks)

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