Retroviridae Flashcards
What does retrovirdiae means?
retro - reverse transcription
Morphology
diploid \+ssRNA genome helical + icosahedral capsid enveloped ~100 nm
Resistance
weak - very sensitive virus
Biological properties
Baltimore VI. – viral reverse transcriptase → integration, provirus
genetic structure:
•5’-LTR-gag-pro-env-pol-LTR-3’
•+/- onc substitution mutant → transforming, defective virus
oncogenic – transforming viruses need helpers for multiplication
multiplication competent viruses: strong CPE, oncogenic as well
transmission: transplacental (tolerance!), cell associated (germ cells, colostrum, epithel), arbo
Antigenetic properties
good antigens
hypervariable surface antigens, Ig-s are not effective against integrated virus, destruction of the immune-system
cross-reactions: specificity of antigens (core
Diagnosis
clinical signs
direct – ELISA, IF, PCR, NA hybridization
indirect – ELISA, AGID (Coggins-test – EIA)
Subfamily
Ortheoretrovirina:
- Alpharetrovirus genus
- Betaretrovirus genus
- Gammaretrovirus genus
- Deltaretrovirus genus
- Epsilonretrovirus genus
- Lentivirus genus!
Spumaretrovirinae:
- Spumavirus genus
Genus of ortheretrovirina:
Alpharetrovirus genus Betaretrovirus genus Gammaretrovirus genus Deltaretrovirus genus Epsilonretrovirus genus Lentivirus genus!
What is a provirus?
A virus which integrated into post-genus
What is a oncogenic virus?
A incomplete virus which needs help to multiplicate from other viruses
What is a oncogenic gene?
Its a gene which will produce tumors if being turned on. Virus oncogenic gene + cell–> close to each other: tumor cells
How many percentage of the human genome comes from retroviruses?
10%
Alpharetrovirus genus:
Avian leucosis virus:
- chicken: leukemia, lymphatic tumours
Avian sarcoma, Av. myeloblastosis, Av. carcinoma virus - - -defective virus – helper: leucosis virus
•chicken: quick developing mesenchymal tumours
Alpharetrovirus genus:
Avian leucosis virus:
- chicken: leukemia, lymphatic tumours
Avian sarcoma, Av. myeloblastosis, Av. carcinoma virus:
- defective virus – helper: leucosis virus
- chicken: quick developing mesenchymal tumours
Rous sarcoma virus:
- Has all the genes, doesn’t need a helper virus
- Multiplication competent and viral onc gene!
- chicken: mesenchymal sarcomas
Betaretrovirus genus:
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus
- sheep: lung cancer („Jaagsiekte”)
Mouse mammary tumor virus
Monkey retrovirus
Gammaretrovirus genus:
Mammalian group:
- Feline leukemia / sarcoma virus
(Feline leukemia helps the sarcoma virus to replicate.
Spreads through cat fights.) - Murine leukemia /sarcoma virus
Avian (Reticuloendotheliosis) group:
- Reticuloendotheliosis virus
chicken: immunosuppression, tumors
Deltaretrovirus genus:
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV):
- cattle: leucosis, slow-developing lymphatic tumors
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1-2 (HTLV):
- human T-cell leukemia –> lymphoid tissue
Monkey:
Primate T-lymphotropic virus
Simian T-cell leukemia virus
Epsilonretrovirus genus:
Walleye dermal sarcoma virus
Walleye epidermal hypoplasia virus
Fish virus!
Skin lesion and damage occurs
Lentivirus genus:
(lentus – slow)
Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIA)
•horse: anemia, wasting – lethal •arthropod-transmission (flies) – „swamp fever”
Maedi-Visna virus
•sheep: Maedi – interstitial pneumonia, Visna – encephalitis
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAE)
•goat: arthritis, lameness; encephalitis, paralysis
Human immunodeficiency virus 1, 2 (HIV 1-2)
- T-helper cell destruction – immunosuppression
→Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), ARC
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
- often accosted with leukemia in cats!
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV)
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
Spumaretrovirina: spumavirus
(spuma - foamy)
Bovine foamy virus – orphan (?)
Feline-, Equine-, Simian-, Chimpanzee foamy virus
CPE occurs, no clinical signs
