Mononegavirales: Paramyxoviridae

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

• -ssRNA genome
• helical capsid
• enveloped, ~200 nm

Question 2

Reistance

Answer 2

weak

Question 3

Biological properties

Answer 3

Baltimore V. – viral transcriptase

proteins:
•HN – hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity
•F – fusion proteins

CPE: cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, syncytia, haemadsorption

• Respiro-, Rubula-, Avula-, Henipavirus: euryxen
• Morbillivirus, Pneumovirinae: more stenoxen

Question 4

Diagnosis

Answer 4

• isolation, HA, IF
• indirect: VN, HAI

direct: PCR

Question 5

Antigenic properties

Answer 5

• good antigens

* cross-reactions within genera (Morbillivirus genus)

Question 6

Genus:

Answer 6

Respirovirus genus

Morbillivirus genus

Question 7

Morphology of Mononegavirales viruses

Answer 7

non-segmented, –ssRNA viruses

Question 8

What does Paramyxoviridae mean?

Answer 8

para – like, myxa – mucus

Question 9

Respirovirus genus

Answer 9

(respiratory disease)

Parainfluenza virus 1
•human influenza-like disease

Parainfluenza virus 3
•cattle, sheep – shipping fever
•human influenza-like disease

Sendai virus
•rodents, rabbit •pneumonia, encephalitis

Question 10

Morbillivirus genus

Answer 10

(morbilli – measles)

Canine distemper virus
•dog, bear, mink, lion, tiger, jaguar… •
acute: fever, respiratory signs
•subacute, chronic: encephalitis

Rinderpest
•ruminants – fever, hemorrhage, mucosal erosions
•since 2012 the Earth is free from Rinderpest

Feline morbillivirus
•glomerulonephritis

Measles (morbilli)
•human – fever, rash

Question 11

Rubulavirus genus

Answer 11

(Rubula inflans – mumps)

Parainfluenza virus 2
•dog – kennel cough (with CAV-2 and B. bronchiseptica)
•human – influenza-like disease (different from the canine)

Parainfluenza virus 4
•human – influenza-like disease

Simian parainfluenza virus

Mumps
•human – salivary gland swelling
•orchitis, mastitis, encephalitis

Question 12

Avulavirus genus

Answer 12

(avis)

Newcastle disease (avian paramyxovirus 1)
•euryxen – birds, zoonosis
•virulence variants: lento-, mezo-, velogen strains •viscerotrop form: hemorrhage, high mortality
•neurotrop form: encephalitis

Avian paramyxovirus 2-9
•2-6: some strains are pathogen
in pet and wild birds
•7-9: orphan

Question 13

Henipavirus genus

Answer 13

Nipah virus

•swine, human, Malaysia – encephalitis

Question 14

Orthopneumovirus genus (pneumoviridae)

Answer 14

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RS)
•severe pneumonia
•interstitial emphysema

Human respiratory syncytial virus

Ovine respiratory syncitial virus

Question 15

Metapneumovirus genus (pneumoviridae)

Answer 15

Turkey rhinotracheitis virus (TRT)

Swollen head syndrome (SHS) – chicken