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Pharmacology > Respiratory Tract Drugs: Antihistamines And Antitussives (80) > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Drugs: Antihistamines And Antitussives (80) Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine effects

A

Make mast cells release histamine and other substances

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2
Q

Mast cells make people feel what symptoms

A

Allergic reactions

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3
Q

Antihistamines are

A

Histamine receptor antagonists

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4
Q

Histamine receptor antagonists are

A

Drugs that compete with histamine for receptor site

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5
Q

Two histamine receptor subtypes

A

-H1

-H2

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6
Q

H1 antagonists are

A

Antihistamines

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7
Q

Some H1 antagonists also act as

A

Anticholinergic drugs

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8
Q

H2 blockers or H2 antagonists are used to…

A

Reduce gastric acid in PUD

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9
Q

Generally H2 blockers or antagonists are not referred to as

A

Antihistamines

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10
Q

What percentage of the general population is sensitive to various environmental allergies

A

10 to 20%

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11
Q

Histamine mediated disorders

A

-allergic rhinitis
-anaphylaxis
-Angioedema
-drug fevers
-insect bite reactions
-urticaria

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12
Q

How to antihistamines work?

A

Competitive inhibitor blocks binding site and prevents histamine from bindng to receptor

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13
Q

Antihistamines block

A

H1 receptors prevent the adverse consequences of histamine receptor stimulation

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14
Q

Blocking H1 receptors causes what symptoms

A

-vasodilation
-increased GI and respiratory secretion
-increased capillary permeability

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15
Q

Histamine action on cardiovascular-small blood vessels

A

Dilation and increased permeability
-swelling with fluid from plasma into IF

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16
Q

Antihistamine effect on cardiovascular-small blood vessels

A

Reduces dilation of blood vessels and reduces increased permeability of blood vessels

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17
Q

Histamine action on exocrine glands

A

Stimulate salivary, lacrimal and bronchial secretions

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18
Q

Antihistamine effects on exocrine glands

A

Rescue salivary, lacrimal and bronchial secretions

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19
Q

Other uses of antihistamines

A

skin

-reduce capillary permeability
-wheal and flare formation
-itching

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20
Q

Indications of antihistamines

A

-palliative, not curative treatment of nasal or seasonal allergies, perennial allergic rhinitis, allergic reactions

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21
Q

Other indications of antihistamines

A

Motion sickness, sleep disorders

22
Q

Two major types of antihistamines and when they originated

A

-traditional (1950s)

-nonsedating/peripherally acting (1980s)

23
Q

Traditional antihistamines

A

Older drugs that are antagonists of H1 receptors

24
Q

Traditional antihistamines peripheral and central actions

A

Peripheral - reduce respiratory, eye symptoms

Centrally - CNS: cause sedation

25
Q

Traditional antihistamines have a ___ effect

A

Anticholinergic effects

26
Q

Traditional antihistamines are used in ____ relief

A

Nighttime

27
Q

Example of traditional antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine also known as Benadryl

28
Q

What is the Anticholinergic effect of traditional antihistamines

A

Ach on cell cholinergic receptors
-parasympathetic NS action
-CNS

29
Q

Anticholenergic effect also has a ___ effect causing…

A

Drying effect that reduces
-nasal, lacrimal gland secretions, salivary

30
Q

Adverse effects of traditional antihistamines

A

Anticholinergic effects
-dry mouth
-difficulty urinating
-constipation
-changes in vision

31
Q

Nonsedating and peripherally acting antihistamines were developed to

A

Eliminate unwanted adverse effects
-mainly sedation

32
Q

Nonsedating and peripherally acting antihistamines work

A

Peripherally
-causing fewer CNS adverse effects

33
Q

Nonsedating and peripherally acting antihistamines have a longer

A

Duration of actions
-increasing adherence

34
Q

Examples of Nonsedating and peripherally acting antihistamines

A

Loratadine

-desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine

35
Q

Nursing implications in use of traditional antihistamines

A

-client should report excessive sedation, confusion or hypotension’s
-avoid driving or operating heavy machinery

36
Q

Very important to not…. When taking traditional antihistamines

A

To not consume alcohol or other CNS depressants

37
Q

Respiratory secretion and reign objects are naturally removed from

A

Cough reflex
-induces coming and expectoration
-initiated by irritation of sensory receptors in respiratory tract

38
Q

Two basic types of cough

A

Productive (congested) or nonproductive (dry)

39
Q

Most of the time coughing is beneficial, when is coughing harmful

A

Such as after hernia repair surgery

40
Q

Antitussives are used to

A

Stop or reduce coughing

41
Q

Antitussives are used only for

A

Non productive coughs

42
Q

Antitussives mechanism of actions

A

Opioids- suppress the cough reflex, acting in the centre of medulla

43
Q

Examples of opioid Antitussives

A

Codeine

44
Q

Common OTC Antitussives

A

Dextromethorphan

45
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Synthetic opioid like compound
-does not produce morphine like effects

46
Q

Non opioid Antitussives drug examples

A

Diphenhydramine

47
Q

Indications of Antitussives

A

Used to stop cough reflex when the cough is nonproductive and/or harmful

48
Q

Adverse effects of codeine as an Antitussives

A

Sedation, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, constipation
-typical opioid effects

49
Q

Adverse effects of dextromethorphan as an Antitussives

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
-much less than CNS effects of codeine

50
Q

Nursing implications: things to report on Antitussives mediations

A

Report: persistent over a week cough, headache, fever, rash

51
Q

VERY IMPROTANT Antitussives agents are for

A

NONPRODUCTIVE COUGHS

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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