Drugs For Thyroid Disorders (61)

Question 1

Thyroid gland secrets what two hormones?

Answer 1

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine
-T3 and T4

Question 2

Primary vs secondary hypothyroidism

Answer 2

Primary: abnormality in thyroid itself

Secondary: other body system dysfunction

Question 3

Examples of secondary hypothyroidism

Answer 3

-pituitary gland dysfunction and not secreting TSH
-hypothalamus does not secrete TRH

Question 4

Hypothyroidism in newborn and infants

Answer 4

Cretinism

Question 5

Cretinism

Answer 5

-low metabolic rate
-Dec growth and sexual development
-mental retardation

Question 6

Symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults

Answer 6

-firm edema
-Dec metabolic rate
-slow HR
-loss of mental/physical stamina
-loss of hair

Question 7

Goitre

Answer 7

-enlargement of thyroid gland
-overstimulation due to high levels of TSH
-little or no TH for negative feedback

Question 8

Presence of goitre can be present in both

Answer 8

Hyper or hypo

Question 9

Levothyroxine

Answer 9

Treatment of hypothyroid
-synthetic thyroid hormone T4
-replacement therapy

Question 10

How long does levothyroxine take for full effect

Answer 10

4-6 weeks

Question 11

levothyroxine indication

Answer 11

All forms of hypothyroidism

Eg: unknown case, replacement therapy for surgical removal of gland, gland destroyed by radioactive iodine (cancer/hyperthyroidism)

Question 12

MOA of levothyroxine

Answer 12

Works the same way that natural thyroid hormone does

Question 13

AE of thyroid hormone agents

Answer 13

Usually drug excess
-thyrotoxicosis

Question 14

Signs of thyrotoxicosis

Answer 14

-cardiac dysrhythmias
-insomnia, tremors, headache, anxiety
-nausea, diarrhea
-menstrual irregularities
-weight loss, sweating, heat intolerance

Question 15

Treatment of hypothyroidism : need to use caution in

Answer 15

Conditions of cardiac disease or hypertension

Question 16

Treatment of hypothyroidism is NOT

Answer 16

A cure

Question 17

What symptoms should patients be taught to report when on hypothyroidism treatment

Answer 17

Chest pain or heart palpitations

Question 18

When should levothyroxine be taken

Answer 18

30-60 minutes before breakfast
-food decreases the absorption

Question 19

Types of hyperthyroidism

Answer 19

Graves’ disease, toxic modular goiter

Question 20

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 20

Excessive thyroid hormone secretion
-results in thyrotoxicosis

Question 21

Hyperthyroidism: thyrotoxicosis

Answer 21

Increased activity of multiple body systems
-heart palpitations, increased HR
-CNS stimulation (nervousness, rapid thought/speech, insomnia)
-high metabolic rate (heat intolerance, skin flushed, moist)
-muscle weakness, atrophy
-increased appetite but weight loss

Question 22

Radioactive iodine (131I)

Answer 22

Treatment of hyperthyroidism
-works by destroying the thyroid gland

Question 23

Anti thyroid drugs: thioamide derivatives

Example

Answer 23

Methimazole

Question 24

Mathimazole

Answer 24

Prevent thyroid hormone synthesis
-takes 3 to 12 weeks for full effect

Question 25

Anti thyroid medications must be given at the same time

Answer 25

Each day to maintain consistent blood levels

Question 26

Methimazole should not be used

Answer 26

In first trimester of pregnancy

Question 27

Symptoms of thyroid hormone OD

Answer 27

Cold intolerance, depression, edema