Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Hemostasis Modifier Drugs (52) > Flashcards

Hemostasis Modifier Drugs (52) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of hemostasis

A

Stopping bleeding after an injury to a blood vessel
-platelet plugs
-fibrin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Inhibit the action or formation of clotting factors
-prevent clot formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antiplatelet drugs

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation
-prevent platelet plugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thrombocytes drugs

A

Lyse/break down existing clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hemostatic agents

A

Promote blood coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the final clotting product

A

Fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anticoagulants or blood thinners are used prophylacticlly to prevent

A

-clot formation
-emboli (dislodged clot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

anticoagulants or blood thinners DO NOT

A

Lyse existing clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anticoagulants are used to prevent clots in certain settings such as (6)

A

-MI
-unstable angina
-A FIB
-DVT
-indwelling devices
-PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anticoagulants ALL prevent

A

Clot formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anticoagulants examples (4)

A

-heparin
-low molecular weight heparins
-warfarin
-direct acting oral anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contraindications of anticoagulants

A

-allergies
-acute bleeding process
-thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

AE of anticoagulants: bleeding risk

A

Gums bleed, nosebleeds, unusual brushing, anemia, tarry stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heparin action

A

Indirectly inhibits activity of multiple proteins on cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What proteins is heparin inhibiting (3)

A

-thrombin (II)
-factor Xa
-other factors a part of intrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Natural heparin comes from

A

Animal sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Predicting the dosage of heparin

A

Dosage is unpredictable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is heparin monitored by

A

Activated partial thromboplastin times or aPTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

APTT is a measure of

A

The intrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much greater do aPTTs need to be than control

A

1.5 - 2.5x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Heparin (3)

A

-parenteral IV or SC
-effective within minutes
-short half life (1 to 2 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia or HIT

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What percentage of the population experiences HIT

A

1-5%, and usual within less than 4 days of administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What to do when HIT

A

Stop heparin administration, and use alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Heparin has a risk of _____ reactions
Hypersensitivity reactions -urticaria, fever, chills
26
Anticoagulant effects of heparin are reversed by
Protamine sulfate -antidote
27
Example of low molecular weight heparins
Enoxaparin
28
Low molecular weight heparins have a more
Predictable anticoagulant response
29
Low molecular weight heparins do not require
More frequent laboratory monitoring -can be given at home -SC every two hours
30
Low molecular weight heparins indirectly inhibit
Factor X ONLY
31
Low molecular weight heparins cause ____ but less than heparin
Thrombocytopenia
32
Low molecular weight heparins promote
Sulphate antidote
33
Other anticoagulant drugs
-danaparoid -fondaparinux
34
Danaparoid
Structurally distinct from heparin -alternative to heparin -SC or IV
35
Fondaparinux
Synthetic -SC or IV
36
Heparin doses usually are
Double checked with another nurse
37
SC doses of heparin
Should be given in areas of deep subcutaneous fat -abdomin + rotate site
38
Antidote for heparin
Protamine sulphate
39
Low molecular weight heparins are given
SC in abdomen ONLY, rotate sites
40
Antidote for Low molecular weight heparins
Protamine sulphate
41
What is the vitamin K agonist?
Warfarin
42
What is vitamin K essential for
Production of several clotting factors in liver cells -such as VII, IX, X, pro-thrombin
43
Warfarin reduces the ___ for ___ clotting factors in plasma
Ready for action -extending clotting time
44
Warfarin: effects
Depend on clotting factors turnover (protein degradation)
45
Max effect of warfarin
May take 3 to 5 days -start within 24 hours
46
What is a common combination started within 5 days
Large molecular weight heparin and warfarin
47
Warfarin is administered
PO -dosage is variable
48
How is warfarin monitored
By clotting lab test -prothrombin time -INR
49
PT/INR
Measures activity of extrinsic pathway
50
PT to be therapeutic is ____ to _____ times the normal level
1.3 to 1.5 times
51
Normal target INR range
2 to 3 x control -some cases 2.5 to 3.5
52
INR =
(PT observed/ PT control) ISI
53
ISI =
International sensitivity index
54
What happens to warfarin effectiveness when too much vitamin K is in diet?
55
What happens to warfarin effectiveness when too little vitamin K is in diet?
56
Vitamin K can be given if exessive PT/INR
-IV (slow infusion) 4-8h effect -PO effect within 24 h
57
Warfarin x pregnancy
Risks of fetal bleeding, teratogenicity and spontaneous abortion -LMWH
58
With anticoagulants you need to maintain intake of
Vitamin K to be consistent -tomatoes, dark leafy green vegetables
59
Warfarin may be started while
The client is still on heparins
60
DOACs advantages over warfarin
-rapid onset and offset -fixed doses -no blood test -few drug to drug interactions -no dietary concerns -lower risk of bleeds
61
What is a direct thrombin inhibitor
Dabigatran
62
Dabigatran
PO administration
63
Direct factor Xa inhibitors
Rivaroxaban
64
Rivaroxaban
PO administration
65
Adverse effects of anticoagulants
Increased bleeding -can be mild to life threatening
66
All DOACs need
Annual renal function test -if below min function, changed to vitamin K antagonist
67
What is important for anticoagulants
Regular lab testing with signs of abnormal bleeding
68
Antiplatlet agents prevent
Paltelet activation
69
Example of anti platelet agent
Acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin
70
How does ASA work
Irreversible inhibition of COX in platelets
71
What antiplatlet drugs prevent platelet activation
Clopidogrel
72
Clopidogrel
Irreversible ADP receptor blocker -effects last life time of platelet
73
Indications of anti platelet drugs
Antithrombotic effects -reduce MI risk -reduce stroke risk
74
Aspirin + Clopidogrel combination
Produces additive anti platelet activity
75
GPIIb/IIIa antagonists MOA
Antagonizes receptor on platelets that are required for fibrinogen cross linking
76
Thrombolytic drugs
Break down preformed clots
77
Thrombolytic drug: tPA
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
78
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator example
Alteplase
79
TPA acts on
Plasminogen- inactive plasma protein, making it from becoming plasmin- the active protein, to digest fibrin
80
Thrombolytic agents MOA
Activate fibrinolytic system to break down clot in blood vessel -convert plasmin
81
Thrombolytic agents re-establishes
Blood flow to heart muscle via coronary arteries and the brain
82
Indications for Thrombolytic agents
-acute MI -arterial Thrombolytic -DVT -occlusion of shunts or catheters -pulmonary embolus
83
Contraindications of Thrombolytic agents
-allergies -concurrent use of other anticoagulation
84
Adverse effects: Thrombolytic agents
-bleeding -GI -hypotension -anaphylactic reactions -dysrhythmias
85
Antifibrinolytic agents
Prevent the lysis of fibrin in an existing clot -improve clotting factor survival
86
Antifibrinolytic promote
Clot formation and/or clot maintenance
87
Antifibrinolytic agent examples
Aminocaproic acid
88
Aminocaproic acid
Inhibits fibrinolysis by blocking plasminogen activation
89
Aminocaproic acid indications
Trauma, antidote to Thrombolytic agents
90
Desmopressin
Antifibrinolytic agent, similar to vasopressin (ADH)
91
Desmopressin indication
Mild hemophilia A -increases plasma concentration of factor VIII
92
Indications of Antifibrinolytic agents
Prevention and treatment of excessive bleeding
93
Excessive bleeding examples
-hyperfibrinolysis -surgical complications -oozing form surgical sites (chest tubes) -reducing total blood loss and duration of bleeding
94
Contraindications of Antifibrinolytic agents
-allergies -never used in DIC (disseminated intramuscular coagulation)
95
Adverse effects of Antifibrinolytic are
Uncommon and mild -rare reports of thrombotic event

Pharmacology (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions