Fluids And Electrolytes (45) Flashcards
___% of adult human body is water
60
Three main components of TBW
Intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, plasma volume
Percentage of Intracellular fluid
67%
Percentage of Extracellular fluid
33%
Make up of Extracellular fluid in percentages
Interstitial fluid 25%
Plasma volume 8%
Distribution of fluid in ECF is determined by
Bulk flow
(Startling forces)
What are the two main pressures
-hydrostatic pressure
-colloid osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Pushing fluid OUT
-blood pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure
Pushing fluid IN
-plasma proteins
Water intake should equal
Water loss
Examples of fluid out of balance
-edema (increased fluid and blood pressure)
-dehydration and fluid loss
When are some people meant to receive IV fluid administration
-dehydration
-electrolyte imbalances
-blood component deficiencies
-nutrition
Crystalloids contain water plus…
Electrolytes and small molecules
Crystalloids do NOT contain
Proteins/large molecules
0.9% sodium chloride
Normal saline or NS
-isotonic solution
The 0.9% in NS stands for
0.9g of NaCl in 100mL
What are the most abundant particles in ECF
Na and Cl
0.45% of sodium chloride
Half NS
-hypotonic solution
Osmolarity of normal saline (Na/Cl)
Na- 154 Cl-154
ISOTONIC
Hypertonic saline osmolarity (Na/Cl)
Na- 513 Cl-513
Lactated ringer osmolarity
Na- 130 Cl-109 K-4
D5W osmolarity
K- 1
Examples of Crystalloids
-normal saline
-half normal saline
-hypertonic saline
-lactated ringers
-d5w
-normosol/plasmalyte
Crystalloids are used to treat
Dehydration
-volume loss or maintenance
Crystalloids are used as
Replacement or maintenance of fluids
Examples of use for crystalloids in replacement and maintenance of fluids
-compensate for insensible fluid losses
-replace fluids
-manage specific fluids and electrolyte disturbances
-promote urinary flow
-expand plasma volume
Compensating for insensible fluid losses example
NS
To replace fluids example
NS
To manage specific fluid and electrolyte disturbances example
Ringers lactate
Promote urinary flow example
NS
Expand plasma volume example
3% NaCl
Example of vomiting and diarrhea
Removing a chunk of ECF not affecting the overall toxicity
Example of sweating
The body sweats out more water than ECF
-body is left hypertonic as there are more salts left
How would one treat intense sweating
Treatment with water, to even out the hypertonic solution
How would someone treat intense diarrhea and vomiting
Since its a loss of volume, and leaves the solution at the same tonicity
-would give NS as it is isotonic
Indications of crystalloids
-acute liver failure
-acute nephrosis
-burns
-hypovolemic shock
-renal dialysis