CNS Sedative Hypnotic Drugs (37)

Question 1

Sedatives

Answer 1

Drugs that have an inhibitory effect on CNS reducing
-nervousness
-excitability
-irritability

Question 2

Hypnotics

Answer 2

Reduce CNS function to the point of causing sleep

Question 3

A sedative can become a hypnotic if

Answer 3

Given in large enough dose

Question 4

Sedative hypnotics at low doses

Answer 4

At low doses depress CNS function without inducing sleep

Question 5

Sedative hypnosis at high doses

Answer 5

Depress CNS function to the point of causing sleep

Question 6

Benzodiazepines

Answer 6

Much more commonly used as sedative hypnotics
-better pharmacological profile
-better AE profile

Question 7

Barbiturates: sedative hypnotic

Answer 7

Now rarely used for this but low doses might be used

Question 8

Barbiturates: antiepileptic

Answer 8

Can raise the seizure threshold thus reducing seizures

Question 9

Barbiturates: anaesthesia

Answer 9

Used for surgical procedures, short procedures

Question 10

Short acting barbiturates

Answer 10

Pentobarbital
-rarely used

Question 11

Long acting barbiturates

Answer 11

Phenobarbital
-antiepileptic

Question 12

Therapeutic index of barbiturates

Answer 12

Narrow therapeutic index
-needs to be monitored

Question 13

MOA of barbiturates

Answer 13

Broad CNS depression action
-potentials GABA action and mimics GABA

Question 14

Barbiturates are metabolized in/excreted in

Answer 14

Metabolized in liver and excreted in urine

Question 15

Barbiturates: overdose leads too

Answer 15

Respiratory depression, and then respiratory arrest

Question 16

Barbiturates overdose also produces

Answer 16

CNS depression
-sleep to coma to death

Question 17

Reduced clinical use of barbiturates due to

Answer 17

-abuse potential
-respiratory depressants

Question 18

Benzodiazepines are the

Answer 18

Most frequently prescribed sedative hypnotics

Question 19

Benzodiazepines are classified as either

Answer 19

Sedative hypnotic or anxiolytic

Question 20

Intermediate acting Benzodiazepines: sedative hypnotic

Answer 20

Lorazepam

Question 21

Short acting Benzodiazepines sedative hypnotic

Answer 21

Midazolam

Question 22

MOA of Benzodiazepines

Answer 22

GABA reduces excitability of neurones
-fewer action potentials in nerve cells

Benzodiazepines enhances effect of GABA

Question 23

Benzodiazepines affect what systems of the brain

Answer 23

Hypothalamic, thalami’s, lambic

Question 24

Benzodiazepines + REM

Answer 24

Do not suppress REM sleep as much as barbiturates

Question 25

Benzodiazepines + metabolism

Answer 25

Benzodiazepines do not increase metabolism of other drugs

Question 26

Benzodiazepines + PO administration

Answer 26

PO administration does not depress respiration excessively

Question 27

What is better: Benzodiazepines or barbiturates?

Answer 27

Benzodiazepines

Question 28

Benzodiazepines helps control

Answer 28

Agitation and anxiety

Question 29

Benzodiazepines reduce excessive

Answer 29

Sensory stimulation inducing sleep especially in short term use for insomnia due to anxiety

Question 30

Benzodiazepines induce what systems relaxation?

Answer 30

Skeletal muscle relaxation

Question 31

Indications of Benzodiazepines

Answer 31

-sedation -sleep induction -relax skeletal muscle -anxiety relief -treatment of alcohol withdrawal -agitation -epilepsy -balanced anaesthesia

Question 32

AE of Benzodiazepines

Answer 32

-drowsiness -headache -dizziness -vertigo -lethargy -paradoxical excitement -hangover effect

Question 33

Benzodiazepines have bad interactions with

Answer 33

-CNS depressants -grapefruit -cimetidine -herbs kava, valerian, chamomile

Question 34

Clients should be instructed to avoid

Answer 34

Alcohol and other CNS depressants