CNS Sedative Hypnotic Drugs (37) Flashcards

1
Q

Sedatives

A

Drugs that have an inhibitory effect on CNS reducing
-nervousness
-excitability
-irritability

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2
Q

Hypnotics

A

Reduce CNS function to the point of causing sleep

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3
Q

A sedative can become a hypnotic if

A

Given in large enough dose

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4
Q

Sedative hypnotics at low doses

A

At low doses depress CNS function without inducing sleep

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5
Q

Sedative hypnosis at high doses

A

Depress CNS function to the point of causing sleep

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Much more commonly used as sedative hypnotics
-better pharmacological profile
-better AE profile

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7
Q

Barbiturates: sedative hypnotic

A

Now rarely used for this but low doses might be used

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8
Q

Barbiturates: antiepileptic

A

Can raise the seizure threshold thus reducing seizures

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9
Q

Barbiturates: anaesthesia

A

Used for surgical procedures, short procedures

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10
Q

Short acting barbiturates

A

Pentobarbital
-rarely used

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11
Q

Long acting barbiturates

A

Phenobarbital
-antiepileptic

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12
Q

Therapeutic index of barbiturates

A

Narrow therapeutic index
-needs to be monitored

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13
Q

MOA of barbiturates

A

Broad CNS depression action
-potentials GABA action and mimics GABA

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14
Q

Barbiturates are metabolized in/excreted in

A

Metabolized in liver and excreted in urine

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15
Q

Barbiturates: overdose leads too

A

Respiratory depression, and then respiratory arrest

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16
Q

Barbiturates overdose also produces

A

CNS depression
-sleep to coma to death

17
Q

Reduced clinical use of barbiturates due to

A

-abuse potential
-respiratory depressants

18
Q

Benzodiazepines are the

A

Most frequently prescribed sedative hypnotics

19
Q

Benzodiazepines are classified as either

A

Sedative hypnotic or anxiolytic

20
Q

Intermediate acting Benzodiazepines: sedative hypnotic

A

Lorazepam

21
Q

Short acting Benzodiazepines sedative hypnotic

A

Midazolam

22
Q

MOA of Benzodiazepines

A

GABA reduces excitability of neurones
-fewer action potentials in nerve cells

Benzodiazepines enhances effect of GABA

23
Q

Benzodiazepines affect what systems of the brain

A

Hypothalamic, thalami’s, lambic

24
Q

Benzodiazepines + REM

A

Do not suppress REM sleep as much as barbiturates

25
Q

Benzodiazepines + metabolism

A

Benzodiazepines do not increase metabolism of other drugs

26
Q

Benzodiazepines + PO administration

A

PO administration does not depress respiration excessively

27
Q

What is better: Benzodiazepines or barbiturates?

A

Benzodiazepines

28
Q

Benzodiazepines helps control

A

Agitation and anxiety

29
Q

Benzodiazepines reduce excessive

A

Sensory stimulation inducing sleep especially in short term use for insomnia due to anxiety

30
Q

Benzodiazepines induce what systems relaxation?

A

Skeletal muscle relaxation

31
Q

Indications of Benzodiazepines

A

-sedation
-sleep induction
-relax skeletal muscle
-anxiety relief
-treatment of alcohol withdrawal
-agitation
-epilepsy
-balanced anaesthesia

32
Q

AE of Benzodiazepines

A

-drowsiness
-headache
-dizziness
-vertigo
-lethargy
-paradoxical excitement
-hangover effect

33
Q

Benzodiazepines have bad interactions with

A

-CNS depressants
-grapefruit
-cimetidine
-herbs kava, valerian, chamomile

34
Q

Clients should be instructed to avoid

A

Alcohol and other CNS depressants