Respiratory Systems (Part 2)

Question 1

How does respiration occur in simple invertebrates?

Answer 1

simple diffusion across thin body wall or cuticle

Question 2

Do simple invertebrates have a circulatory system?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

Do simple invertebrates have a respiratory system?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

How can simple invertebrates have no respiratory or circulatory system?

Answer 4

thin body wall and higher surface area to volume ratio

Question 5

What are simple invertebrates?

Answer 5

• Porifera
• Cnidaria
• Platyhelminthes
• Nematodes
• Rotifers

Question 6

What invertebrates experience diffusion externally?

Answer 6

Annelids

Echinoderms

Question 7

What is external respiration like in invertebrates (not simple)?

Answer 7

diffusion across epithelium or cuticle

Question 8

Do invertebrates that experience external (not simple) respiration have a circulatory system?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

Describe appearance and location of invertebrates (not simple) that do external repsiration?

Answer 9

small and restricted to moist/wet environments

Question 10

How do annelids do diffusion?

Answer 10

cuticle

Question 11

How do Echinoderms do diffusion?

Answer 11

protruding papulae

Question 12

What type of respiration do crustaceans and mollusks do and how?

Answer 12

internal
-gills
REMEBER THESE ARE INVERTRBRATES

Question 13

What type of respiration do insecta and myriapoda do and how?

Answer 13

internal
-tracheal system
REMEBER THESE ARE INVERTRBRATES

Question 14

What type of respiration do spiders and other chelicerata do and how?

Answer 14

-internal
-book lungs (bring air in and pull across book lungs)
REMEBER THESE ARE INVERTRBRATES

Question 15

Where do insects and myriopoda live?

Answer 15

terrestrial

Question 16

Where do spiders and other chelicerata live?

Answer 16

-terrestrial (keep moist by internal location)

Question 17

Where do crustaceans and mollusks live?

Answer 17

mostly aquatic but a few terrestrial species

Question 18

What do all vertebrates have?

Answer 18

extensive capillary network associated with each respiratory organ which tends to be enclosed within a cavity (but not always)

Question 19

What do fish use for respiration?

Answer 19

gills

Question 20

What do amphibians use for respiration?

Answer 20

• lungs and cutaneous

- gills as larvae

Question 21

What do reptiles, birds, and mammals use for respiration?

Answer 21

lungs

Question 22

What are gills?

Answer 22

respiratory tisses that project into water

Question 23

What are the types of gills?

Answer 23

external and internal

Question 24

Where are gills located?

Answer 24

oral and opercular cavities

Question 25

What do the oral and opercular cavities function as for gills? How?

Answer 25

pumps | -water flows over gills in one direction

Question 26

What is gill anatomy made of?

Answer 26

- 4 gill arch on each side - gill raker - 2 rows of gill filaments - lamellae

Question 27

What do the gill filaments consist of?

Answer 27

lamellae

Question 28

What do the different parts of the gills aid in?

Answer 28

very large surface area for diffusion

Question 29

How does blood flow in fish?

Answer 29

opposite to direction of water movement

Question 30

What is the way blood flows in fish called?

Answer 30

countercurrent flow

Question 31

Why is it important there is countercurrent flow of blood compared to water?

Answer 31

if there was concurrent flow, when equilibrium is reached diffusion would stop, it oxygenates the blood

Question 32

Describe cutaneous respiration?

Answer 32

- moist skin (either due to mucus or going out at night) - very short distance over which diffusion occurs - not limited to just amphibians

Question 33

What do lungs replace in terrestrial animals?

Answer 33

gills

Question 34

Why do terrestrial animals have lungs and not gills?

Answer 34

- air is less supportive than water | - water evaportates

Question 35

What do lungs minimize?

Answer 35

evaportation

Question 36

What two respiratory trees make up the vertebrate respiratory systems?

Answer 36

upper and lower

Question 37

What makes up the upper respiratory tree?

Answer 37

- nares - mouth - sinus passageways - pharygneal area - epiglottis - larynx

Question 38

What are nares?

Answer 38

nostrils

Question 39

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 39

entry point

Question 40

What is the function of the sinus passageways?

Answer 40

moisten inhaled air

Question 41

What is the pharyngeal area?

Answer 41

back of throat

Question 42

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 42

covers glottis

Question 43

What is the larynx?

Answer 43

cartilage (vocal cords)

Question 44

What makes up the lower respiratory tree?

Answer 44

- trachea | - lungs

Question 45

What is in the traches?

Answer 45

hyaline cartilage rings

Question 46

What is the function of hyaline cartilage rings?

Answer 46

so it doesn't clsoe

Question 47

What are the parts of the lungs?

Answer 47

- primary bronchi - secondary and tertiary bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli

Question 48

Where does diffusion occur in the lungs?

Answer 48

ONLY in the alveoli

Question 49

What vertebrate doesn't have alveoli?

Answer 49

birds

Question 50

What is the role of alveoli?

Answer 50

release surfactant

Question 51

What is the function of surfactant?

Answer 51

lowers surface tension, which keeps the alveoli from collapsing after exhalation and makes breathing easy

Question 52

What cells make up alveoli(?) epithelium?

Answer 52

simple squamous

Question 53

What are the parts of the alveoli?

Answer 53

- pulmonary alveoli - alveolar epitheloum - bronchiole

Question 54

What do birds have instead of alveoli?

Answer 54

Parabronchi

Question 55

What are Parabronchi?

Answer 55

air sacs

Question 56

What kind of air flow occurs in birds?

Answer 56

unidirectional flow

Question 57

What does unidirectional air flow allow for?

Answer 57

more oxygen

Question 58

Do only birds have air sacs (parabronchi)?

Answer 58

they are unique to birds but a few reptiles have them too