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Principles of Zoology > Animal Diversity > Flashcards

Animal Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three domains?

A

archae, bacteria, eukarya

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2
Q

What are the four kingdoms of Eukarya?

A

Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

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3
Q

What domains are prokaryotes?

A

Archae and Bacteria

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4
Q

What kind of eating method are animals?

A

consumers or heterotrophs

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5
Q

What characteristics do animals share?

A
  • multicellular (most have tissues)
  • cells without cell walls
  • able to move during some point in their lifetime
  • nerve network in most
  • no cell wall
  • aerobic respiration (O2 using)
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6
Q

What are general features of animals?

A
  • diverse in form and habitat
  • most reproduce sexually
  • characteristic patterns of embryonic development development
    - most share hox genes
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7
Q

What are hox genes?

A

determine structure of the body (ex. this is the head part, this is the thorax, etc)

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8
Q

What are the types of body symmetry?

A

asymmetrical, radial, and bilateral

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9
Q

What are the advantages of bilateral symmetry?

A

cephalization, body segmentation, and greater mobility

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10
Q

What is cephalization?

A

evolution of a definite brain area

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11
Q

When do tissues begin developing? Why?

A

early embryonic development; so cells become specialized

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12
Q

What can make up the layers of tissues?

A

endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm, and non-living layer

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13
Q

What is the endoderm layer?

A

inner most part of the tissues

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14
Q

What is the ectoderm layer?

A

outer most part of the tissues

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15
Q

What is the mesoderm layer?

A

middle part of the tissues

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16
Q

Is the mesoderm layer always present?

A

no

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17
Q

Is the non-living layer always present?

A

no

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18
Q

What is the non-living layer?

A

a protein gel not containing any cells

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19
Q

What kind of tissue layer do radiata have?

A

diploblast

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20
Q

What kind of tissue layer do bilateria have?

A

triploblast

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21
Q

What do the tissue layers surround?

A

a gut IF present

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22
Q

What kind of body symmetry do parazoa have?

A

asymmetrical

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23
Q

Are radial animals primitive or advanced?

A

primitive

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24
Q

Are bilateral animals primitive or advanced?

A

advanced

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25
Q

Is a gut a body cavity?

A

no

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26
Q

Do acoelomate have a body cavity?

A

no

27
Q

Do eucoelomate have a body cavity?

A

sorta, between ectoderm and mesoderm

28
Q

Do pseudocoelomate have a body cavity?

A

yes within the mesoderm

29
Q

What does protostome mean?

A

mouth develops first

30
Q

What does deuterostome mean?

A

mouth develops later, anus develops first (?)

31
Q

What are invertebrates?

A

animals that lack an internal structural framework

32
Q

What body structure do invertebrates have?

A

completely soft body or exoskeleton

33
Q

Are most animals invertebrates or vertebrates?

A

invertebrates

34
Q

What are vertebrates?

A

animals that possess an internal framework

35
Q

What body structure do vertebrates have?

A

endoskeleton

36
Q

What is the order for early development?

A

zygote –cleavage -> eight cell stage —cleavage -> blastula cross section —gastrulation -> gastrula cross section

37
Q

What shape does a blastula have?

A

hollow

38
Q

What does the gastrula do?

A

forms digestive cavity

39
Q

What is coelum?

A

body cavity

40
Q

Describe Eumetazoa

A

have specialized tissues

41
Q

Describe Parazoa

A

no tissues

42
Q

Describe Bilateria

A

bilateral symmetry, triploblastic

43
Q

Describe Radiata

A

radian symmetry, diploblastic

44
Q

Describe Acoelomates

A

no coelom

45
Q

What clades make up Protstomes?

A

Ecydsozoa and Lophotrochozoa

46
Q

Describe ecydsozoa

A

molt exoskeleton or cuticle

47
Q

Describe lophotroschozoa

A

lophophore or trochophore

48
Q

What type of body cavity clade are flatworms part of?

A

acoelomate

49
Q

What type of body cavity clade are annelid part of?

A

eucoelomate

50
Q

What type of body cavity clade are nematode part of?

A

pseudocoelomate

51
Q

What clades describe tissues or lack there of and body symmetry?

A

Placozoa, Parazoa, Eumetazoa

52
Q

Do Eumetazoa have tissues? Do they have body symmetry?

A

yes; yes

53
Q

Do Parazoa have tissues? Do they have body symmetry?

A

no, no

54
Q

Do Placozoa have tissues? Do they have body symmetry?

A

no; no

55
Q

What clades describe type of body symmetry?

A

raidiata and bilateria

56
Q

What phylums are under the clade Radiata?

A

Cnidaria and Ctenophora

57
Q

What clades are under bilateria in terms of possession or not of a body cavity?

A

true coelomates, pseudocoelomates, and acoelomates

58
Q

Do true coelomates have a body cavity?

A

yes

59
Q

Do pseudocoelomates have a body cavity?

A

yes, sort of

60
Q

Do acoelomates have a body cavity?

A

no

61
Q

What tissue layers does a diploblast have?

A

endoderm, non-living layer, ectoderm

62
Q

What tissue layers does a triploblast have?

A

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

63
Q

What characteristics do protostomes have?

A
  • spiral cleavage
  • cell fate is determinate
  • mouth opening develops first
64
Q

What characteristics do deuterostomes have?

A
  • radial cleavage
  • cell fate is indeterminate
  • mouth opening develops after anus opening

Principles of Zoology (20 decks)

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