Animal Diversity Flashcards
What are the three domains?
archae, bacteria, eukarya
What are the four kingdoms of Eukarya?
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
What domains are prokaryotes?
Archae and Bacteria
What kind of eating method are animals?
consumers or heterotrophs
What characteristics do animals share?
- multicellular (most have tissues)
- cells without cell walls
- able to move during some point in their lifetime
- nerve network in most
- no cell wall
- aerobic respiration (O2 using)
What are general features of animals?
- diverse in form and habitat
- most reproduce sexually
- characteristic patterns of embryonic development development
- most share hox genes
What are hox genes?
determine structure of the body (ex. this is the head part, this is the thorax, etc)
What are the types of body symmetry?
asymmetrical, radial, and bilateral
What are the advantages of bilateral symmetry?
cephalization, body segmentation, and greater mobility
What is cephalization?
evolution of a definite brain area
When do tissues begin developing? Why?
early embryonic development; so cells become specialized
What can make up the layers of tissues?
endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm, and non-living layer
What is the endoderm layer?
inner most part of the tissues
What is the ectoderm layer?
outer most part of the tissues
What is the mesoderm layer?
middle part of the tissues
Is the mesoderm layer always present?
no
Is the non-living layer always present?
no
What is the non-living layer?
a protein gel not containing any cells
What kind of tissue layer do radiata have?
diploblast
What kind of tissue layer do bilateria have?
triploblast
What do the tissue layers surround?
a gut IF present
What kind of body symmetry do parazoa have?
asymmetrical
Are radial animals primitive or advanced?
primitive
Are bilateral animals primitive or advanced?
advanced
Is a gut a body cavity?
no
Do acoelomate have a body cavity?
no
Do eucoelomate have a body cavity?
sorta, between ectoderm and mesoderm
Do pseudocoelomate have a body cavity?
yes within the mesoderm
What does protostome mean?
mouth develops first
What does deuterostome mean?
mouth develops later, anus develops first (?)
What are invertebrates?
animals that lack an internal structural framework
What body structure do invertebrates have?
completely soft body or exoskeleton
Are most animals invertebrates or vertebrates?
invertebrates
What are vertebrates?
animals that possess an internal framework
What body structure do vertebrates have?
endoskeleton
What is the order for early development?
zygote –cleavage -> eight cell stage —cleavage -> blastula cross section —gastrulation -> gastrula cross section
What shape does a blastula have?
hollow
What does the gastrula do?
forms digestive cavity
What is coelum?
body cavity
Describe Eumetazoa
have specialized tissues
Describe Parazoa
no tissues
Describe Bilateria
bilateral symmetry, triploblastic
Describe Radiata
radian symmetry, diploblastic
Describe Acoelomates
no coelom
What clades make up Protstomes?
Ecydsozoa and Lophotrochozoa
Describe ecydsozoa
molt exoskeleton or cuticle
Describe lophotroschozoa
lophophore or trochophore
What type of body cavity clade are flatworms part of?
acoelomate
What type of body cavity clade are annelid part of?
eucoelomate
What type of body cavity clade are nematode part of?
pseudocoelomate
What clades describe tissues or lack there of and body symmetry?
Placozoa, Parazoa, Eumetazoa
Do Eumetazoa have tissues? Do they have body symmetry?
yes; yes
Do Parazoa have tissues? Do they have body symmetry?
no, no
Do Placozoa have tissues? Do they have body symmetry?
no; no
What clades describe type of body symmetry?
raidiata and bilateria
What phylums are under the clade Radiata?
Cnidaria and Ctenophora
What clades are under bilateria in terms of possession or not of a body cavity?
true coelomates, pseudocoelomates, and acoelomates
Do true coelomates have a body cavity?
yes
Do pseudocoelomates have a body cavity?
yes, sort of
Do acoelomates have a body cavity?
no
What tissue layers does a diploblast have?
endoderm, non-living layer, ectoderm
What tissue layers does a triploblast have?
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
What characteristics do protostomes have?
- spiral cleavage
- cell fate is determinate
- mouth opening develops first
What characteristics do deuterostomes have?
- radial cleavage
- cell fate is indeterminate
- mouth opening develops after anus opening
