Arthropods and Echinoderms Flashcards
1
Q
What is a major challenge for terrestrial arthropods?
A
loss of water
2
Q
Do Arthropods have an excretory system?
A
yes
3
Q
What is the unique excretory system of Arthropods called?
A
Malpighian tubules
4
Q
What do Malpighian tubules do?
A
eliminate nitrogenous wastes as concentrated uric acid or guanine; a way to remove ammonia without having to dilute it in water
5
Q
What are Malpighian tubules associated with?
A
digestive system
6
Q
What do arthropods undergo?
A
ecdysis
7
Q
What is ecdysis?
A
molting
8
Q
Why do arthropods undergo ecydysis?
A
for growth or replacement of exoskeleton
9
Q
Where do arthropods live?
A
aquatic and terrestrial environments
10
Q
What do aquatic arthropods have to breathe with?
A
gills
11
Q
What do gills act as?
A
both respiratory and excretory organ
12
Q
What other animals excrete uric acid like arthropods?
A
lizards and birds
13
Q
How do arthropods fertilize?
A
internally
14
Q
What is the significance of internal fertilization?
A
there is a higher chance of reproductive success
15
Q
What are the sub phylum of Arthropods?
A
Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda
16
Q
What animals are chelicerata? (give examples)
A
Arachnids (spider, ticks, scorpions, mites, and horseshow crabs)
17
Q
What are the anterior most appendages on Chelicerates called?
A
Chelicerae
18
Q
What is the function of chelicerae?
A
function as fangs or pinchers
19
Q
How are the bodies of Chelicerates divided?
A
2 main tagmata`
20
Q
What are the 2 tagmata of Chelicerates?
A
Prosoma and Opisthosoma
21
Q
What makes up the prosoma?
A
bears all appendages
22
Q
What makes up the opisthosoma?
A
contains the reproductive organs
23
Q
Where is the prosoma located?
A
anterior (front)
24
Q
Where is the opisthosoma located?
A
posterior (back)
25
What are tagmata?
functional segments of the body
26
What is the prosoma a merger of?
head and thorax
27
What is the diet of most arachnids? What is the exception?
carnivorous; mites
28
What is the diet of mites?
herbivorous
29
Are there parasitic arachnids?
yes, ticks
30
How do spiders catch prey?
either in silk webs or hunt their prey
31
How do spiders make webs?
silk protein forced out of spinnerets on the posterior of abdomen
32
What do all spiders have?
poison glands leading through their chelicerae
33
Are spiders important?
yes, they are necessary for the ecosystem
34
What are two venomous spiders in the US?
black widow and brown recluse
35
What order of Chelicerates is the most diverse?
mites and ticks
36
What size are most mites?
small
37
What is the body of a mite like?
Cephalothorax and abdomen fused into an unsegmented ovoid body
38
What size are most mites?
larger than ticks
39
What is the diet of ticks?
ticks are blood-eating parasites
40
Do ticks carry diseases?
yes
41
What diseases can ticks carry?
spotted fevers, lyme disease
42
What is the body of Myriapoda like?
a head followed by numerous segments
43
What animals make up Myriapods?
centipedes and millipedes
44
What do centipedes eat?
carnivorous (eat insects)
45
What do millipedes eat?
largely herbivores (or consume organic material)
46
Do centipedes have a stinger/pincher?
yes
47
Do millipedes have a stinger/pincher?
no
48
Do millipedes or centipedes have more legs?
millipedes have more legs
49
How many legs per segment do millipedes have?
two on some or all segments
50
How many legs per segment do centipedes have?
one leg pair on each segment
51
Are Crustaceans primarily aquatic or terrestrial?
aquatic
52
What animals are Crustaceans?
crabs, shrimps, lobsters, barnacles
53
How many tagmata do Crustaceans have?
three
54
How do the two most anterior tagmata fuse?
fuse to form a cephalothorax
55
What are mandibles?
biting jaws
56
What are the jaws of Crustaceans called?
mandibles
57
Are most Crustaceans hermaphroditic or dioecious?
dioecious
58
What Crustacean is not dioecious?
barnacles (hermaphroditic)
59
What distinguishes Arthropods?
jointed appendages
60
How do barnacles move?
sessile as adults, free-swimming as larvae
61
How do barnacles eat?
filter feeders
62
What is the largest group of animals?
insects
63
What animals are Hexapods?
Insects
64
Are insects primarily aquatic or terrestrial?
terrestrial
65
How many legs do insects have?
6
66
How many body regions do insects have?
3
67
What are the 3 regions of insects?
head, thorax, and abdomen
68
What makes up the head of an insect?
pair of antennae and modified mouthparts
69
What makes up the thorax of an insect?
has 3 segments, each with a pair of legs; may have 1 or 2 pairs of wings
70
What makes up the abdomen of an insect?
reproductive organs and majority of digestive and respiratiory system
71
What do many insects undergo?
metamorphosis
72
What are the two types of metamorphosis?
simple and complete
73
What is simple metamorphosis?
immature stages similar to adults, have to molt to grow still
74
What insects undergo simple metamorphosis?
grasshopers
75
What is complete metamorphosis?
immature larvae are wormlike and require a resting stage to precede into adult form
76
What is the resting stage of complete metamorphosis called?
pupa or chrysalis
77
What insects undergo complete metamorphosis?
butterflies
78
What is the lifecycle of butterflies?
eggs, larva, pupa, adult
79
What are young grasshoppers called?
nymphs
80
How many stages of molting do nymphs go through until they are an adult grasshopper?
5
81
What is incomplete metamorphosis?
same as simple?
82
What are Echinodermata?
a phylum, an ancient group of marine animals
83
What are Echinoderms characterized by?
deuterostome development
84
Do Echinoderms have an exoskeleton or an endoskeleton?
endoskeleton
85
What is the enoskeleton composed of in echinoderms?
calcium-containing plates (ossicles)
86
Do Echinoderms have eye spots?
some do
87
Do Echinoderms have a brain?
no
88
Do Echinoderms have neurosensory cells?
yes
89
Do Echinoderms have a nerve net?
yes
90
What happens to Echinoderms during development?
They undergo a fundamental shift
91
What symmetry do the larvae stage of Echinoderms have?
bilateral
92
What symmetry do the adult stage of Echinoderms have?
pentaradial (5 rays)
93
How is the body structure of Echinoderms orientated?
in reference to their mouth
94
What is the epidermis of Echinoderms composed of?
movable or fixed calcium-rich (calcite) plates called ossicles
95
What is in the epidermis of Echinoderms?
perforated by pores
96
Why are there pores on the epidermis of Echinoderms?
to allow for extension of tube feet
97
What do Echinoderms use to move?
water-vascular system
98
What is the water-vascular system?
a hydraulic system that aids in movement and feeding
99
What is the water-vascular system composed of?
a central ring from which 5 radial canals extend into each of the body's 5 parts
100
What is the opening for water entry of Echinoderms called?
Madreporite
101
What is the muscular sac for tube feet control called in Echinoderms?
ampulla
102
What connects toe madreporite to the ring canal?
stone canal
103
What is the function of tube feet?
allow the animal to move
104
How do Echinoderms reproduce?
sexually and asexually
105
How do Echinoderms asexually reproduce?
splitting, broken parts can regenerate the whole animal if there is enough central part
106
Are Echinoderms hermaphroditic or dioecious?
dioecious
107
What are the 5 main classes of Echinoderms?
- sea stars and sea daisies
- sea lilies and feather stars (crinoids)
- sea urchins and sand dollars
- sea cucumbers
- brittle stars
108
What clade are Echinoderms part of?
Deuterostomes
109
What symmetry do deuterostomes have?
bilateral (at some point in their life)
110
What body cavity do Deuterostomes have?
true coelomic body cavity
111
Are Deuterostomes monoblastic, diploblastic, or triploblastic?
triploblastic
112
What side of an Echinoderm is the oral surface on?
ventral
113
What side of an Echinoderm is the aboral surface on?
dorsal
114
How do Echinoderms feed?
some predators, filter feeders, scavengers, deposit feeders
115
What do Echinoderms feed on?
other invertebrates
116
Do some Echinoderms actively search for prey?
yes
