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Principles of Zoology > Respiratory Systems (Part 1) > Flashcards

Respiratory Systems (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Why is oxygen important?

A

it is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain so it is important for the creation of ATP

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2
Q

What are physical influences of respiration?

A
  • properties of diffusion
  • breathing in air vs water
  • size of molecule
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3
Q

What are two important molecules (?) for diffusion?

A

CO2 and O2

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4
Q

What is dry air composed of?

A
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • nitrogen
  • argon
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5
Q

What percent of dry air is oxygen?

A

20.95%

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6
Q

What percent of dry air is carbon dioxide?

A

0.03%

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7
Q

What percent of dry air is nitrogen?

A

78.1%

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8
Q

What percent of dry air is argon?

A

0.09%

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9
Q

When was atmospheric pressure discovered?

A

17th century

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10
Q

What does atmospheric pressure mean?

A

air has weight caused by the force of the Earth’s gravitational field

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11
Q

Who said “we live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of the element of air”?

A

Torricelli

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12
Q

What do atoms have?

A

mass

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13
Q

What is air pressure at sea level expressed as? (2 ways)

A
  • 1 atmosphere (1.0 atm of pressure)

- 760 mm Hg

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14
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

the pressure contributed by a gas to the total atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

What is Dalton’s law?

A

each gas exerts its own partial pressure based on the % of the gas in dry air

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16
Q

How is Dalton’s Law calculated?

A

760 x (percent of gas in dry air)

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17
Q

as pressure increases…

A

molecules get closer together

18
Q

Gas moves from an area of ______ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.

A

high; low

19
Q

Pressure _____ with altitude?

A

decreases

20
Q

What happens to air as altitude increases?

A

becomes less dense

21
Q

What happens to oxygen molecules as altitude increases?

A

“less oxygen” = get further apart

22
Q

What is required for pilots in unpressurized aircraft?

A

supplemental oxygen

23
Q

What does Henry’s Law descibe?

A

the behavior of gases when they come into contact with a liquid

  • the concentration of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas
  • concentration of the gas in a liquid is dependent on the solubility of the gas in the liquid
24
Q

According to Henry’s Law, the greater the partial pressure of the gas…

A

the greater the number of gas molecules that will dissolve in the liquid

25
Q

What happens if you have water/air interface?

A

concentration gradient of O2 wants to transition from air to water

26
Q

How fast does oxygen diffuse into water?

A

faster in shallower water

27
Q

What does turbulent mixing do?

A

increases surface area which increases getting oxygen into water

28
Q

What happens to the solubility of oxygen as temperature increases?

A

decreases solubility

29
Q

What is Fick’s Law of Diffusion?

A

The rate if transfer of a gas through a sheet of tissue is proportional to the tissue area and the difference in gas partial pressure between the 2 sides and inversely proportional to the tissue thickness

30
Q

What is the formula for Fick’s law of diffusion?

A

R = (D A (change in)p) / d

31
Q

What does R represent in Fick’s law of diffusion formula?

A

rate of diffusion

32
Q

What does D represent in Fick’s law of diffusion formula?

A

diffusion constant

33
Q

What does A represent in Fick’s law of diffusion forumla?

A

Area over which diffusion takes place

34
Q

What does (change in)p represent in Fick’s law of diffusion formula?

A

pressure difference between two sides

35
Q

What does d represent in Fick’s law of diffsuion formula?

A

distance over which diffusion ocurs

36
Q

Does oxygen or carbon dioxide diffuse faster in air?

A

oxygen

37
Q

Why does oxygen diffuse faster than carbon dioxide in air?

A

oxygen is smaller

38
Q

How is the rate of diffusion proportional to the square root of its molecular mass?

A

inversely

39
Q

Does oxygen or carbon dioxide diffuse faster in water?

A

carbon dioxide

40
Q

Why does carbon dioxide diffuse faster in water?

A

more soluble

41
Q

How does distance affect diffusion?

A

increases distance over which a solute has to move increases the time for diffusion

Principles of Zoology (20 decks)

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