Digestive Systems (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Why are there variations in digestive systems?

A

differences in food composition

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2
Q

What do differences in food composition lead to?

A

differences in the number of stomach chambers

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3
Q

What are the different stomach chambers?

A
  • monogastric
  • digastric
  • trigastric
  • four-chambered
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4
Q

What animals have a monogastric stomach?

A

most mammals

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5
Q

What animals have digastric stomach?

A

birds

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6
Q

What animals have a trigastric stomach?

A

pseudo-ruminants

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7
Q

What animals have a four-chambered stomach?

A

ruminant herbivores

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8
Q

What are the different sections of the four-chambered stomach?

A

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

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9
Q

What happens in the rumen?

A

fermentation by microbial symbionts

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10
Q

What is rumination?

A

regurgitation, rechewing

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11
Q

What is the function of the reticulum?

A

filters heavy/dense feed or indigestible objects the animal has eaten

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12
Q

What is the function of the omasum?

A

absorb water and other substances

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13
Q

What is the function of the abomasum?

A

breakdown feed, similar to stomach

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14
Q

Can non-ruminant herbivores or hindgut fermenters do regurgitation?

A

no

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15
Q

What organ do non-ruminant herbivores or hindgut fermenters have?

A

very large cecum

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16
Q

What is the function of a large cecum?

A

fermentation

17
Q

What is coprophagy?

A

eating of feces/dung to get microbes

18
Q

What do SOME non-ruminant herbivores or hindgut fermenters do to get microbes for fermentation?

A

coprophagy

19
Q

What is the order of the ruminant stomach?

A

rumen -> reticulum -> omasum -> abomasum

20
Q

What animals are pseudoruminants?

A

camelids, hippos, sloths

21
Q

What does a trigastric stomach look like?

A

reticulum, omasum, and abomasum (no rumen)

22
Q

What kind of cecum do pseudorumiants have?

23
Q

What kind of cecum do digastric have?

A

paired ceca (2 cecums)

24
Q

What unique features do digastrics have?

A

proventriculus, ventriculus, and paired ceca

25
What is the function of the proventriculus?
stomach, where chemical digestion begins
26
What is the ventriculus also called?
gizzard
27
what is the function of the ventriculus?
mastication (mechanical digestion)