Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Zoology > Digestive Systems (Part 1) > Flashcards

Digestive Systems (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of diet can heterotrophs have?

A
  • herbivores
  • carnivores
  • omnivores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do sponges have a digestive system?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do sponges do digestion?

A

intracellular digestion via endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do all non-sponges do digestion?

A

extracellularly, in a digestive cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do Cnidarians (and some flatworms) have a digestive system?

A

incomplete digestive tract and gastrovascular cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a complete digestive tract?

A

separate mouth and anus connected by a continuous digestive tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of digestive system do nematodes have?

A

complete, tube within a tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of digestive system do vertebrates have?

A

complete, beyond a simple tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What locates food in vertebrate digestive systems?

A

sensory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What makes up the oral cavity?

A

mouth and pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the oral cavity?

A

entry, mechanical and initial chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are teeth always present in an oral cavity?

A

may or may not be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes up the tubular gastrointestinal tract?

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • cloaca or rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of esophagus?

A

delivers food to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of stomach?

A

mechanical, chemical, minor amount of absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of small intestine?

A

chemical digestion, absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of large intestine?

A

concentration of wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of cloaca or rectum?

A

waste storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of teeth?

A

chewing/mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does tooth shape match?

A

diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Do birds have teeth?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do birds do mastication?

A

gizzard using ingested pebbles (break up seeds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do some birds do with prey?

A

consume prey whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of the crop?

A

storage, NO digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

a muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do esophagus know to move food down?

A

presence of food bolus stimulates movement towards stomach, peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does peristalsis mean?

A

muscles move food down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Does digestion or absorption occur in the esophagus?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the esophagus lined with?

A

muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What kind of muscle makes up the esophagus?

A

1st part (1/3) is skeletal and 2/3 is smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Can food bolus be removed from skeletal muscle part of esophagus?

A

yes, we can control it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Can food bolus be removed from smooth muscles part of esophagus?

A

no, not unless vomit or forcibly removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What prevents food from leaving the stomach and reentering the esophagus?

A

sphincter at esophageal-gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What kind of surface does the stomach have?

A

convoluted, folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How many chambers does the stomach have?

A

varies by species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Why is the stomach surface folded?

A

greater surface area for digestion; also so it can stretch and increase volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are gastric juices made of?

A

2 kinds of secretory cells

38
Q

What are the 2 kinds of secretory cells?

A

parietal and chief

39
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

40
Q

What is the function of intrinsic factor?

A

vitamin B12 absorption

41
Q

What is the function of chief cells?

A

secrete pepsinogen

42
Q

What is pepsinogen?

A

inactive form of pepsin

43
Q

What is the stomach?

A

a mixing chamber

44
Q

What is not significantly digested in the stomach?

A

carbohydrates and fats

45
Q

What does the stomach produce?

A

chime

46
Q

What is chime?

A

slurry of partially digested food

47
Q

How many sphincters does the stomach have?

A

2

48
Q

What pH does the stomach have?

A

low

49
Q

Why does the stomach have a low pH?

A

denature food proteins

50
Q

What sphincters does the stomach have?

A
  • esophageal

- pyloric

51
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine?

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
52
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

chemical digestion (final) and absorption

53
Q

What type of cells are in the small intestine?

A

mucosal cells

54
Q

what do mucosal cells have?

A

villi, microvilli

55
Q

What is the significance of mucosal cells having villi?

A

increase surface area

56
Q

What is the function of the duodenum?

A

final chemical digestion

57
Q

What is the function of the jejunum?

A

majority of absorption of nutrients

58
Q

What is the function of the ileum?

A

picks up what didn’t get absorbed

59
Q

What is the largest internal organ in humans?

A

liver

60
Q

What does the liver produce?

A

bile

61
Q

What are the types of bile?

A

bile products and bile salts

62
Q

What are bile pigments?

A

waste products

63
Q

What are bile salts for?

A

emulsification of fats

64
Q

What does the live receive?

A

products of digestion (the first to recieve)

65
Q

What does the liver detoxify?

A

metabolites

66
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

67
Q

When does the gallbladder secrete bile?

A

when food present in duodenum

68
Q

What is the gallbladder connected to?

A

liver by the bile duct

69
Q

Do all animals have a gallbladder?

A

no

70
Q

What animals do not have a gallbladder?

A
  • horses
  • deer
  • rats
  • some birds
  • lampreys
  • laminoids
  • all invertebrates
71
Q

What types of functions does the pancreas have?

A

both endocrine and exocrine

72
Q

What does endocrine involve?

A

hormones

73
Q

What does exocrine involve?

A

digestive

74
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

digestive enzymes

75
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

bicarbonate

76
Q

What digestive enzymes does the pancreas produce?

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase, and lipase

77
Q

What does lipase do?

A

break down lipids

78
Q

What does pancreatic amylase do?

A

digest carbohydrates

79
Q

What does trypsin do?

A

digests proteins

80
Q

Do all vertebrates have a pancreas?

A

yes

81
Q

What is the pancreas connected to?

A

pancreatic duct to duodenum

82
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine or colon?

A

ascending (up), transverse (across), descending (down), sigmoid

83
Q

What is the function of the large intesine?

A

4% absorption of water, remaining electrolytes, and vitamin K; mainly concentration of waste

84
Q

Where are the cecum and appendix?

A

at junction of ileum-colon

85
Q

What are at the terminus of the digestive tract?

A

rectum and anus, (and cloaca in most)

86
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

waste storage until defecation

87
Q

What is the function of the anus?

A

exit point with inner voluntary sphincter and outer voluntary sphincter

88
Q

Do most mammals have a rectum?

A

yes

89
Q

What mammals do not have a rectum?

A

monotreme: echidna and platypus

90
Q

Most ______ have what common cavity?

A

vertebrates; cloaca

91
Q

What is the function of the cloaca?

A

single opening for digestive, urinary, reproductive products

92
Q

Does digestion happen in the large intestine?

A

no

Principles of Zoology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions