Digestive Systems (Part 3)

Question 1

What are the 5 major steps in digestion?

Answer 1

• feeding
• mastication
• use of enzymes
• transport
• excretion

Question 2

What is feeding?

Answer 2

acquisition of food

Question 3

What is mastication?

Answer 3

mechanical digestion

Question 4

What are enzymes used for?

Answer 4

chemical digestion

Question 5

What does transport mean in digestion?

Answer 5

absorption of nutrients

Question 6

What is excretion?

Answer 6

removal of indigestible waste

Question 7

What is salivary amylase produced by?

Answer 7

salivary glands

Question 8

What does salivary amylase do?

Answer 8

breakdown polysaccharides (starch) in the mouth into disaccharides (maltose) and oligosaccharides

Question 9

What is pancreatic amylase produces by?

Answer 9

pancrease

Question 10

What does pancreatic amylase do?

Answer 10

break down polysaccharides (starch) in the small intestine into disaccharides (maltose) and monosaccharides

Question 11

What is oligosaccharidases produced by?

Answer 11

lining of intestine; brush border membrane

Question 12

What do oligosaccharidases do?

Answer 12

break down disaccharides in the small intestine into monosaccharides

Question 13

Where is pepsin produced by?

Answer 13

stomach (chief cells)

Question 14

What does pepsin do?

Answer 14

break down polypeptides (protein) in the stomach into smallpeptides

Question 15

Where is trypsin produced?

Answer 15

pancreas

Question 16

What does trypsin do?

Answer 16

break down polypeptides (proteins) in the duodenum into small peptides

Question 17

What does elastase do?

Answer 17

break down proteins in the small intestine into peptides

Question 18

Where is elastase made?

Answer 18

pancrease

Question 19

What is chymotrypsin produced by?

Answer 19

pancreas

Question 20

What does chymotrypsin do?

Answer 20

break down polypeptides (proteins) in the duodenum into small peptides

Question 21

What is carboxypeptidase produced by?

Answer 21

pancreas

Question 22

What does carboxypeptidase do?

Answer 22

break down peptides in the duodenum into amino acids

Question 23

What is aminopeptidase produced by?

Answer 23

small insteine

Question 24

What does aminopeptidase do?

Answer 24

break down peptides in the small intestine into amino acids

Question 25

What is dipeptidase produced by?

Answer 25

lining of intestine

Question 26

What does dipeptidase do?

Answer 26

break down peptides in the small intestine into amino acids

Question 27

Where does the process of carbohydrate digestion usually begin?

Answer 27

in the mouth

Question 28

What enzyme does digestion in the mouth?

Answer 28

salivary amylase

Question 29

Where is carbohydrate digestion completed

Answer 29

in the duodenum

Question 30

Where are carbohydrates absorbed?

Answer 30

absorption of monosaccharides in the small intestine

Question 31

Where does carbohydrate digestion not occur? Why?

Answer 31

esophagus or stomach; low pH

Question 32

Where does protein digestion begin?

Answer 32

stomach

Question 33

How does protein digestion occur in the stomach?

Answer 33

pepsinogen converted into pepsin

Question 34

Where is protein digestion completed?

Answer 34

small intestine

Question 35

Where does protein absorption occur?

Answer 35

small intestine

Question 36

describe carbohydrate absorption?

Answer 36

carbohydrate broken down into monosaccharides. transport protein carries across intestinal epithelium and another transport protein carries across into blood capillary

Question 37

describe protein absorption?

Answer 37

protein broken down into amino acids in the lumen of small intestine (?). transport protein carries across intestinal epithelium into epithelial cell of intestinal villus. Transport protein then carries into blood capillary

Question 38

Where does lipid digestion begin?

Answer 38

stomach

Question 39

What digests lipids in the stomach?

Answer 39

gastric lipase

Question 40

Is stomach digestion of lipids major or minor?

Answer 40

minor

Question 41

Where are lipids emulsidied?

Answer 41

duodenum

Question 42

What emulsifies lipids?

Answer 42

bile

Question 43

What does pancreatic lipase turn lipids into?

Answer 43

fatty acids and glycerides

Question 44

Where are lipids absorped?

Answer 44

into small intestine

Question 45

How does lipid absorption occur?

Answer 45

- reassembly into triglycerides - formation of chylomicrons - transport into lymphatic system

Question 46

How are amino acids and monosaccharides absorpted?

Answer 46

transported through epithelial cells to blood

Question 47

Where does blood carry amino acids and monosaccharides?

Answer 47

to liver

Question 48

How does blood carry amino acids and monosaccharides?

Answer 48

via hepatic portal vein

Question 49

How are fatty acids and monoglycerides absorbed?

Answer 49

diffuse into epithelial cells

Question 50

What happens after fatty acids and monoglycerides get into epithelial cells?

Answer 50

reassembled into chylomicrons

Question 51

How are chylomicrons transported?

Answer 51

via lymphatic system

Question 52

What are chylomicrons?

Answer 52

sphere of troglycerides