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Principles of Zoology > Digestive Systems (Part 3) > Flashcards

Digestive Systems (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 major steps in digestion?

A
  • feeding
  • mastication
  • use of enzymes
  • transport
  • excretion
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2
Q

What is feeding?

A

acquisition of food

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3
Q

What is mastication?

A

mechanical digestion

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4
Q

What are enzymes used for?

A

chemical digestion

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5
Q

What does transport mean in digestion?

A

absorption of nutrients

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6
Q

What is excretion?

A

removal of indigestible waste

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7
Q

What is salivary amylase produced by?

A

salivary glands

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8
Q

What does salivary amylase do?

A

breakdown polysaccharides (starch) in the mouth into disaccharides (maltose) and oligosaccharides

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9
Q

What is pancreatic amylase produces by?

A

pancrease

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10
Q

What does pancreatic amylase do?

A

break down polysaccharides (starch) in the small intestine into disaccharides (maltose) and monosaccharides

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11
Q

What is oligosaccharidases produced by?

A

lining of intestine; brush border membrane

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12
Q

What do oligosaccharidases do?

A

break down disaccharides in the small intestine into monosaccharides

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13
Q

Where is pepsin produced by?

A

stomach (chief cells)

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14
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

break down polypeptides (protein) in the stomach into smallpeptides

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15
Q

Where is trypsin produced?

A

pancreas

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16
Q

What does trypsin do?

A

break down polypeptides (proteins) in the duodenum into small peptides

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17
Q

What does elastase do?

A

break down proteins in the small intestine into peptides

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18
Q

Where is elastase made?

A

pancrease

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19
Q

What is chymotrypsin produced by?

A

pancreas

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20
Q

What does chymotrypsin do?

A

break down polypeptides (proteins) in the duodenum into small peptides

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21
Q

What is carboxypeptidase produced by?

A

pancreas

22
Q

What does carboxypeptidase do?

A

break down peptides in the duodenum into amino acids

23
Q

What is aminopeptidase produced by?

A

small insteine

24
Q

What does aminopeptidase do?

A

break down peptides in the small intestine into amino acids

25
Q

What is dipeptidase produced by?

A

lining of intestine

26
Q

What does dipeptidase do?

A

break down peptides in the small intestine into amino acids

27
Q

Where does the process of carbohydrate digestion usually begin?

A

in the mouth

28
Q

What enzyme does digestion in the mouth?

A

salivary amylase

29
Q

Where is carbohydrate digestion completed

A

in the duodenum

30
Q

Where are carbohydrates absorbed?

A

absorption of monosaccharides in the small intestine

31
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion not occur? Why?

A

esophagus or stomach; low pH

32
Q

Where does protein digestion begin?

A

stomach

33
Q

How does protein digestion occur in the stomach?

A

pepsinogen converted into pepsin

34
Q

Where is protein digestion completed?

A

small intestine

35
Q

Where does protein absorption occur?

A

small intestine

36
Q

describe carbohydrate absorption?

A

carbohydrate broken down into monosaccharides. transport protein carries across intestinal epithelium and another transport protein carries across into blood capillary

37
Q

describe protein absorption?

A

protein broken down into amino acids in the lumen of small intestine (?). transport protein carries across intestinal epithelium into epithelial cell of intestinal villus. Transport protein then carries into blood capillary

38
Q

Where does lipid digestion begin?

A

stomach

39
Q

What digests lipids in the stomach?

A

gastric lipase

40
Q

Is stomach digestion of lipids major or minor?

A

minor

41
Q

Where are lipids emulsidied?

A

duodenum

42
Q

What emulsifies lipids?

A

bile

43
Q

What does pancreatic lipase turn lipids into?

A

fatty acids and glycerides

44
Q

Where are lipids absorped?

A

into small intestine

45
Q

How does lipid absorption occur?

A
  • reassembly into triglycerides
  • formation of chylomicrons
  • transport into lymphatic system
46
Q

How are amino acids and monosaccharides absorpted?

A

transported through epithelial cells to blood

47
Q

Where does blood carry amino acids and monosaccharides?

A

to liver

48
Q

How does blood carry amino acids and monosaccharides?

A

via hepatic portal vein

49
Q

How are fatty acids and monoglycerides absorbed?

A

diffuse into epithelial cells

50
Q

What happens after fatty acids and monoglycerides get into epithelial cells?

A

reassembled into chylomicrons

51
Q

How are chylomicrons transported?

A

via lymphatic system

52
Q

What are chylomicrons?

A

sphere of troglycerides

Principles of Zoology (20 decks)

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